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  <title>New Titles from the National Academies Press | Space and Aeronautics</title>
  <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?topic=293" />
  
  <id>http://www.nap.edu/rss?topic=293</id>
  <updated>2013-05-23T21:58:43-04:00</updated>
  <subtitle>Science books from the publishers for the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council</subtitle>

  <atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/nap/new/topic/293" /><feedburner:info uri="nap/new/topic/293" /><atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="hub" href="http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/" /><entry>
    <title>Zero-Sustainment Aircraft for the U.S. Air Force: A Workshop Summary</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/x32qCr6IDL4/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2013:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18295#final</id>
    <published>2013-05-08T02:45:59-04:00</published>
    <updated>2013-05-08T02:45:59-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Overall Air Force weapon system sustainment (WSS) costs are growing at more than 4 percent per year, while budgets have remained essentially flat. The cost growth is due partly to aging of the aircraft fleet, and partly to the cost of supporting higher-performance aircraft and new capabilities provided by more complex and sophisticated systems, such as the latest intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) platforms. Furthermore, the expectation for the foreseeable future is that sustainment budgets are likely to decrease, so that the gap between budgets and sustainment needs will likely continue to grow wider. Most observers accept that the Air Force will have to adopt new approaches to WSS if it is going to address this problem and remain capable of carrying out its missions.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In this context, the original intent of this 3-day workshop was to focus on ways that science and technology (S&amp;T) could help the Air Force reduce sustainment costs. However, as the workshop evolved, the discussions focused more and more on Air Force leadership, management authority, and culture as the more critical factors that need to change in order to solve sustainment problems. Many participants felt that while S&amp;T investments could certainly help--particularly if applied in the early stages ("to the left") of the product life cycle--adopting a transformational management approach that defines the user-driven goals of the enterprise, empowers people to achieve them, and holds them accountable, down to the shop level. Several workshop participants urged Air Force leaders to start the process now, even though it will take years to percolate down through the entire organization. These sustainment concerns are not new and have been studied extensively, including recent reports from the National Research Council's Air Force Studies Board and the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18295"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'&gt;Conflict and Security Issues&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=326'&gt;Military and Defense Studies&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=416'&gt;Aircraft and Flight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
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  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18295</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Space Studies Board Annual Report 2012</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/MKpGhnVXG1Y/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2013:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18315#final</id>
    <published>2013-04-05T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2013-04-03T13:05:44-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The original charter of the Space Science Board was established in June 1958, 3 months before the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) opened its doors. The Space Science Board and its successor, the Space Studies Board (SSB), have provided expert external and independent scientific and programmatic advice to NASA on a continuous basis from NASA's inception until the present. The SSB has also provided such advice to other executive branch agencies, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Department of Defense, as well as to Congress.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Space Studies Board Annual Report 2012 covers a message from the chair of the SSB, Charles F. Kennel.  This report also explains the origins of the Space Science Board, how the Space Studies Board functions today, the SSB's collaboration with other National Research Council units, assures the quality of the SSB reports, acknowledges the audience and sponsors, and expresses the necessity to enhance the outreach and improve dissemination of SSB reports.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This report will be relevant to a full range of government audiences in civilian space research - including NASA, NSF, NOAA, USGS, and the Department of Energy, as well members of the SSB, policy makers, and researchers.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18315"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/MKpGhnVXG1Y" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18315</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>A Strategy for Ground-Based Optical and Infrared Astronomy</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/3EnNQyJZvv8/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2013:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9267#final</id>
    <published>2013-02-21T16:34:57-05:00</published>
    <updated>2013-02-21T16:35:04-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Astronomy occupies a special place in the research portfolio of this country. Understanding the cosmos is one of the oldest intellectual goals of humanity, and the discoveries of astronomers clearly excite the imagination of the public at large. From primary schools to universities, from planetaria to features in the media, astronomy offers numerous opportunities to improve the scientific literacy of this nation, and astronomers are increasingly engaged in these educational activities. Although for many people astronomy is a clear example of one of the noblest of basic research activities, it is often less recognized that it can and does contribute to other national goals. In particular, its research activities depend on and contribute to the applied development of sophisticated sensors, an essential enabling technology for many scientific fields and for the defense, medical, and commercial sectors, modern astronomical facilities, and their sophisticated instrumentation, utilizing state-of- the-art detectors, computing resources, and optical design, are expensive.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt; Astronomers are fortunate that the Congress has authorized the construction of numerous major national facilities. National ground-based astronomical facilities are supported primarily by the National Science Foundation (NSF), both in the construction and operations phases. Still, roughly half of U.S. astronomers must rely entirely on the National Optical Astronomy Observatories (NOAO) for access to telescopes, and nearly all rely on NOAO facilities for some aspects of their work. In this eventuality, the panel recommends that the proper instrumentation and operation of the Gemini telescopes should have first priority. The panel also affirms the high priority for the ATI program, which was recommended by the Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee (AASC) report.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9267"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=417'&gt;Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/3EnNQyJZvv8" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9267</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>NASA's Strategic Direction and the Need for a National Consensus</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/v-Q0w4eO_sY/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2013:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18248#final</id>
    <published>2013-01-02T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2013-01-04T23:21:16-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is widely admired for astonishing accomplishments since its formation in 1958. Looking ahead over a comparable period of time, what can the nation and the world expect of NASA? What will be the agency's goals and objectives, and what will be the strategy for achieving them? More fundamentally, how will the goals, objectives, and strategy be established and by whom? How will they be modified to reflect changes in science, technology, national priorities, and available resources? &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In late 2011, the United States Congress directed the NASA Office of Inspector General to commission a "comprehensive independent assessment of NASA's strategic direction and agency management." Subsequently, NASA requested that the National Research Council (NRC) conduct this independent assessment. In the spring of 2012, the NRC Committee on NASA's Strategic Direction was formed and began work on its task. The committee determined that, only with a national consensus on the agency's future strategic direction—along the lines described in the full NRC report—can NASA continue to deliver the wonder, the knowledge, the national security and economic benefits, and the technology that have been typified by its earlier history. &lt;em&gt;NASA's Strategic Direction and the Need for a National Consensus&lt;/em&gt; summarizes the findings and recommendations of the committee.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18248"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/v-Q0w4eO_sY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18248</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Reusable Booster System: Review and Assessment</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/4pOW_s98B9g/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13534#final</id>
    <published>2012-12-10T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2012-12-12T16:55:16-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;On June 15, 2011, the Air Force Space Command established a new vision, mission, and set of goals to ensure continued U.S. dominance in space and cyberspace mission areas. Subsequently, and in coordination with the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Space and Missile Systems Center, and the 14th and 24th Air Forces, the Air Force Space Command identified four long-term science and technology (S&amp;T) challenges critical to meeting these goals. One of these challenges is to provide full-spectrum launch capability at dramatically lower cost, and a reusable booster system (RBS) has been proposed as an approach to meet this challenge.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The Air Force Space Command asked the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board of the National Research Council to conduct an independent review and assessment of the RBS concept prior to considering a continuation of RBS-related activities within the Air Force Research Laboratory portfolio and before initiating a more extensive RBS development program. The committee for the Reusable Booster System: Review and Assessment was formed in response to that request and charged with reviewing and assessing the criteria and assumptions used in the current RBS plans, the cost model methodologies used to fame [frame?] the RBS business case, and the technical maturity and development plans of key elements critical to RBS implementation. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The committee consisted of experts not connected with current RBS activities who have significant expertise in launch vehicle design and operation, research and technology development and implementation, space system operations, and cost analysis. The committee solicited and received input on the Air Force launch requirements, the baseline RBS concept, cost models and assessment, and technology readiness. The committee also received input from industry associated with RBS concept, industry independent of the RBS concept, and propulsion system providers which is summarized in &lt;em&gt;Reusable Booster System: Review and Assessment.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13534"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/4pOW_s98B9g" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13534</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>The Effects of Solar Variability on Earth's Climate: A Workshop Report</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/CqkQQi2bhMA/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13519#final</id>
    <published>2012-11-12T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2013-01-10T01:47:11-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;On September 8-9, 2011, experts in solar physics, climate models, paleoclimatology, and atmospheric science assembled at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado for a workshop to consider the Sun's variability over time and potential Sun-climate connections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While it does not provide findings, recommendations, or consensus on the current state of the science, &lt;em&gt;The Effects of Solar Variability on Earth's Climate: A Workshop Report&lt;/em&gt; briefly introduces the primary topics discussed by presenters at the event. As context for these topics, the summary includes background information on the potential Sun-climate connection, the measurement record from space, and potential perturbations of climate due to long-term solar variability. This workshop report also summarizes some of the science questions explored by the participants as potential future research endeavors.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13519"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=281'&gt;Earth Sciences&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=331'&gt;Climate, Weather and Meteorology&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=417'&gt;Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/CqkQQi2bhMA" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13519</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Continuing Kepler's Quest: Assessing Air Force Space Command's Astrodynamics Standards</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/PGF72UDiklY/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13456#final</id>
    <published>2012-09-06T10:45:02-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-09-06T10:53:21-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;In February 2009, the commercial communications satellite Iridium 33 collided with the Russian military communications satellite Cosmos 2251. The collision, which was not the first recorded between two satellites in orbit--but the most recent and alarming--produced thousands of pieces of debris, only a small percentage of which could be tracked by sensors located around the world. In early 2007, China tested a kinetic anti-satellite weapon against one of its own satellites, which also generated substantial amounts of space debris. These collisions highlighted the importance of maintaining accurate knowledge, and the associated uncertainty, of the orbit of each object in space. These data are needed to predict close approaches of space objects and to compute the probability of collision so that owners/operators can decide whether or not to make a collision avoidance maneuver by a spacecraft with such capability. The space object catalog currently contains more than 20,000 objects, and when the planned space fence radar becomes operational this number is expected to exceed 100,000.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A key task is to determine if objects might come closer to each other, an event known as "conjunction," and the probability that they might collide. The U.S. Air Force is the primary U.S. government organization tasked with maintaining the space object catalog and data on all space objects. This is a complicated task, involving collecting data from a multitude of different sensors-many of which were not specifically designed to track orbiting objects-and fusing the tracking data along with other data, such as data from atmospheric models, to provide predictions of where objects will be in the future.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Committee for the Assessment of the U.S. Air Force's Astrodynamic Standards collected data and heard from numerous people involved in developing and maintaining the current astrodynamics standards for the Air Force Space Command (AFSPC), as well as representatives of the user community, such as NASA and commercial satellite owners and operators. Preventing collisions of space objects, regardless of their ownership, is in the national security interested of the United States. &lt;em&gt;Continuing Kepler's Quest &lt;/em&gt;makes recommendations to the AFSPC in order for it to create and expand research programs, design and develop hardware and software, as well as determine which organizations to work with to achieve its goals.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13456"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/PGF72UDiklY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13456</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>A Review of NASA Human Research Program's Scientific Merit Processes: Letter Report</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/iTRP2RoPYqo/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13440#final</id>
    <published>2012-08-20T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-08-20T15:16:11-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;At the request of NASA, an IOM committee reviewed NASA Human Research Program's (HRP's) Scientific Merit Assessment Processes for directed research. Directed research is commissioned or noncompetitively awarded research that is not competitively solicited because of specific reasons, such as time limitations or highly focused or constrained research topics.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The scientific merit assessment processes have been developed by NASA to evaluate individual directed research tasks in order to ensure the scientific integrity of the HRP's directed research portfolio. The committee examined the HRP's current scientific merit assessment processes and conducted a public workshop to identify best practices among other federal agencies that use various assessment processes for similar types of directed research.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Review of NASA Human Research Program's Scientific Merit Processes: Letter Report&lt;/em&gt; finds that the scientific merit assessment process used by the HRP for directed research is scientifically rigorous and is similar to the processes and merit criteria used by many other federal agencies and organizations - including the Department of Defense, National Institutes of Health, and the United States Department of Agriculture - for comparable types of research. This report also makes recommendations on ways to streamline and bolster the accountability and transparency of NASA's current processes.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13440"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'&gt;Health and Medicine&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=402'&gt;Workplace and Occupational Health&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/iTRP2RoPYqo" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13440</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/y65XFuKnBkk/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13060#prepub</id>
    <published>2012-08-15T12:45:01-04:00</published>
    <updated>2013-03-22T10:16:48-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prepublication Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;From the interior of the Sun, to the upper atmosphere and near-space environment of Earth, and outward to a region far beyond Pluto where the Sun's influence wanes, advances during the past decade in space physics and solar physics--the disciplines NASA refers to as heliophysics--have yielded spectacular insights into the phenomena that affect our home in space.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Solar and Space Physics&lt;/em&gt;, from the National Research Council's (NRC's) Committee for a Decadal Strategy in Solar and Space Physics, is the second NRC decadal survey in heliophysics. Building on the research accomplishments realized during the past decade, the report presents a program of basic and applied research for the period 2013-2022 that will improve scientific understanding of the mechanisms that drive the Sun's activity and the fundamental physical processes underlying near-Earth plasma dynamics, determine the physical interactions of Earth's atmospheric layers in the context of the connected Sun-Earth system, and enhance greatly the capability to provide realistic and specific forecasts of Earth's space environment that will better serve the needs of society.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Although the recommended program is directed primarily at NASA and the National Science Foundation for action, the report also recommends actions by other federal agencies, especially the parts of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration charged with the day-to-day (operational) forecast of space weather. In addition to the recommendations included in this summary, related recommendations are presented in this report.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13060"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=290'&gt;Math, Chemistry and Physics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=411'&gt;Physics&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=417'&gt;Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
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  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13060</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Earth Science and Applications from Space: A Midterm Assessment of NASA's Implementation of the Decadal Survey</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/FH1Txwbri4M/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13405#final</id>
    <published>2012-08-03T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-08-06T14:44:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Understanding the effects of natural and human-induced changes on the global environment and their implications requires a foundation of integrated observations of land, sea, air and space, on which to build credible information products, forecast models, and other tools for making informed decisions.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The 2007 National Research Council report on decadal survey called for a renewal of the national commitment to a program of Earth observations in which attention to securing practical benefits for humankind plays an equal role with the quest to acquire new knowledge about the Earth system. NASA responded favorably and aggressively to this survey, embracing its overall recommendations for Earth observations, missions, technology investments, and priorities for the underlying science. As a result, the science and applications communities have made significant progress over the past 5 years.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;However, the Committee on Assessment of NASA's Earth Science Program found that the survey vision is being realized at a far slower pace than was recommended, principally because the required budget was not achieved. Exacerbating the budget shortfalls, NASA Earth science programs experienced launch failures and delays and the cost of implementing missions increased substantially as a result of changes in mission scope, increases in launch vehicle costs and/or the lack of availability of a medium-class launch vehicle, under-estimation of costs by the decadal survey, and unfunded programmatic changes that were required by Congress and the Office of Management and Budget. In addition, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has made significant reductions in scope to its future Earth environmental observing satellites as it contends with budget shortfalls.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Earth Science and Applications from Space: A Midterm Assessment of NASA's Implementation of the Decadal Survey&lt;/em&gt; recommends a number of steps to better manage existing programs and to implement future programs that will be recommended by the next decadal survey. The report also highlights the urgent need for the Executive Branch to develop and implement an overarching multiagency national strategy for Earth observations from space, a key recommendation of the 2007 decadal survey that remains unfulfilled.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13405"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=281'&gt;Earth Sciences&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=335'&gt;Geography and Mapping&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=281'&gt;Earth Sciences&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=340'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
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  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13405</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Assessment of Planetary Protection Requirements for Spacecraft Missions to Icy Solar System Bodies</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/IlLWSu9pmac/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13401#final</id>
    <published>2012-07-10T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-07-13T12:58:31-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;NASA's exploration of planets and satellites during the past 50 years has led to the discovery of traces of water ice throughout the solar system and prospects for large liquid water reservoirs beneath the frozen ICE shells of multiple satellites of the giant planets of the outer solar system. During the coming decades, NASA and other space agencies will send flybys, orbiters, subsurface probes, and, possibly, landers to these distant worlds in order to explore their geologic and chemical context. Because of their potential to harbor alien life, NASA will select missions that target the most habitable outer solar system objects. This strategy poses formidable challenges for mission planners who must balance the opportunity for exploration with the risk of contamination by Earth's microbes, which could confuse the interpretation of data obtained from these objects.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; The 2000 NRC report &lt;i&gt;Preventing the Forward Contamination of Europa&lt;/i&gt; provided a criterion that was adopted with prior recommendations from the Committee on Space Research of the International Council for Science. This current NRC report revisits and extends the findings and recommendations of the 2000 Europa report in light of recent advances in planetary and life sciences and, among other tasks, assesses the risk of contamination of icy bodies in the solar system.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13401"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/IlLWSu9pmac" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13401</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Recapturing NASA's Aeronautics Flight Research Capabilities</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/HWdMJaIpMKc/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13384#final</id>
    <published>2012-06-27T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-11-13T22:56:02-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;In the five decades since NASA was created, the agency has sustained its legacy from the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA) in playing a major role in U.S. aeronautics research and has contributed substantially to United States preeminence in civil and military aviation. This preeminence has contributed significantly to the overall economy and balance of trade of the United States through the sales of aircraft throughout the world. NASA's contributions have included advanced flight control systems, de-icing devices, thrust-vectoring systems, wing fuselage drag reduction configurations, aircraft noise reduction, advanced transonic airfoil and winglet designs, and flight systems. Each of these contributions was successfully demonstrated through NASA flight research programs. Equally important, the aircraft industry would not have adopted these and similar advances without NASA flight demonstration on full-scale aircraft flying in an environment identical to that which the aircraft are to operate-in other words, flight research. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Flight research is a tool, not a conclusion. It often informs simulation and modeling and wind tunnel testing. Aeronautics research does not follow a linear path from simulation to wind tunnels to flying an aircraft. The loss of flight research capabilities at NASA has therefore hindered the agency's ability to make progress throughout its aeronautics program by removing a primary tool for research.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;Recapturing NASA's Aeronautics Flight Research Capabilities&lt;/em&gt; discusses the motivation for NASA to pursue flight research, addressing the aspects of the committee's task such as identifying the challenges where research program success can be achieved most effectively through flight research. The report contains three case studies chosen to illustrate the state of NASA ARMD. These include the ERA program and the Fundamental Research Program's hypersonics and supersonics projects. Following these case studies, the report describes issues with the NASA ARMD organization and management and offers solutions. In addition, the chapter discusses current impediments to progress, including demonstrating relevancy to stakeholders, leadership, and the lack of focus relative to available resources.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;Recapturing NASA's Aeronautics Flight Research Capabilities&lt;/em&gt; concludes that the type and sophistication of flight research currently being conducted by NASA today is relatively low and that the agency's overall progress in aeronautics is severely constrained by its inability to actually advance its research projects to the flight research stage, a step that is vital to bridging the confidence gap. NASA has spent much effort protecting existing research projects conducted at low levels, but it has not been able to pursue most of these projects to the point where they actually produce anything useful. Without the ability to actually take flight, NASA's aeronautics research cannot progress, cannot make new discoveries, and cannot contribute to U.S. aerospace preeminence.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13384"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=416'&gt;Aircraft and Flight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/HWdMJaIpMKc" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13384</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>NASA Space Technology Roadmaps and Priorities: Restoring NASA's Technological Edge and Paving the Way for a New Era in Space</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/OfDRqbVODI8/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13354#final</id>
    <published>2012-05-07T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-05-07T13:28:19-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;NASA's Office of the Chief Technologist (OCT) has begun to rebuild the advanced space technology program in the agency with plans laid out in 14 draft technology roadmaps. It has been years since NASA has had a vigorous, broad-based program in advanced space technology development and its technology base has been largely depleted. However, success in executing future NASA space missions will depend on advanced technology developments that should already be underway. Reaching out to involve the external technical community, the National Research Council (NRC) considered the 14 draft technology roadmaps prepared by OCT and ranked the top technical challenges and highest priority technologies that NASA should emphasize in the next 5 years. This report provides specific guidance and recommendations on how the effectiveness of the technology development program managed by OCT can be enhanced in the face of scarce resources.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13354"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
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  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13354</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Space Studies Board Annual Report 2011</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/XJrttA7Yzro/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13329#final</id>
    <published>2012-04-04T10:05:16-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-04-04T10:05:32-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The original charter of the Space Science Board was established in June 1958, 3 months before the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) opened its doors. The Space Science Board and its successor, the Space Studies Board (SSB), have provided expert external and independent scientific and programmatic advice to NASA on a continuous basis from NASA's inception until the present. The SSB has also provided such advice to other executive branch agencies, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Department of Defense, as well as to Congress.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;Space Studies Board Annual Report 2011&lt;/em&gt; covers a message from the chair of the SSB, Charles F. Kennel, where he expresses that 2011 was a challenging and uncertain year for NASA and the space science research communities. This report also explains the origins of the Space Science Board, how the Space Studies Board functions today, the SSB's collaboration with other National Research Council units, assures the quality of the SSB reports, acknowledges the audience and sponsors, and expresses the necessity to enhance the outreach and improve dissemination of SSB reports.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; This report will be relevant to a full range of government audiences in civilian space research -  including NASA, NSF, NOAA, USGS, and the Department of Energy, as well members of the SSB, policy makers, and researchers.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13329"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/XJrttA7Yzro" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13329</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Report of a Joint Workshop of the National Academy of Engineering and the Chinese Academy of Engineering</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/unluAc4GgvQ/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13292#final</id>
    <published>2012-03-28T16:58:22-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-03-28T16:59:10-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The Global Positioning System (GPS) has revolutionized the measurement of position, velocity, and time. It has rapidly evolved into a worldwide utility with more than a billion receiver sets currently in use that provide enormous benefits to humanity: improved safety of life, increased productivity, and wide-spread convenience. Global Navigation Satellite Systems summarizes the joint workshop on Global Navigation Satellite Systems held jointly by the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and the Chinese Academy of Engineering on May 24-25, 2011 at Hongqiao Guest Hotel in Shanghai, China.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"We have one world, and only one set of global resources. It is important to work together on satellite navigation. Competing and cooperation is like Yin and Yang. They need to be balanced," stated Dr. Charles M. Vest, President of the National Academy of Engineering, in the workshop's opening remarks. Global Navigation Satellite Systems covers the objectives of the workshop, which explore issues of enhanced interoperability and interchangeability for all civil users aimed to consider collaborative efforts for countering the global threat of inadvertent or illegal interference to GNSS signals, promotes new applications for GNSS, emphasizing productivity, safety, and environmental protection.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The workshop featured presentations chosen based on the following criteria: they must have relevant engineering/technical content or usefulness; be of mutual interest; offer the opportunity for enhancing GNSS availability, accuracy, integrity, and/or continuity; and offer the possibility of recommendations for further actions and discussions. Global Navigation Satellite Systems is an essential report for engineers, workshop attendees, policy makers, educators, and relevant government agencies.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13292"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'&gt;Engineering and Technology&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=360'&gt;Applications of Technology&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/unluAc4GgvQ" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13292</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Technical Evaluation of the NASA Model for Cancer Risk to Astronauts Due to Space Radiation</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/sgva_6Mh_O0/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13343#final</id>
    <published>2012-03-19T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-03-19T11:59:38-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;NASA's current missions to the International Space Station (ISS) and potential future exploration missions involving extended stays by astronauts on the lunar surface, as well as the possibility of near- Earth object (NEO) or Mars missions, present challenges in protecting astronauts from radiation risks. These risks arise from a number of sources, including solar particle events (SPEs), galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), secondary radiation from surface impacts, and even the nuclear isotope power sources transported with the astronauts. The serious early and late radiation health effects potentially posed by these exposures are equally varied, ranging from early signs of radiation sickness to cancer induction. Other possible effects include central nervous system damage, cataracts, cardiovascular damage, heritable effects, impaired wound healing, and infertility.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Recent research, much of which has been sponsored by NASA, has focused on understanding and quantifying the radiation health risks posed by space radiation environments. Although many aspects of the space radiation environments are now relatively well characterized, important uncertainties still exist regarding biological effects and thus regarding the level and types of risks faced by astronauts.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; This report presents an evaluation of NASA's proposed space radiation cancer risk assessment model, which is described in the 2011 NASA report, &lt;em&gt;Space Radiation Cancer Risk Projections and Uncertainties--2010&lt;/em&gt;. The evaluation in &lt;em&gt;Technical Evaluation of the NASA Model for Cancer Risk to Astronauts Due to Space Radiation&lt;/em&gt; considers the model components, input data (for the radiation types, estimated doses, and epidemiology), and the associated uncertainties. This report also identifies gaps in NASA's current research strategy for reducing the uncertainties in cancer induction risks.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13343"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'&gt;Health and Medicine&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=402'&gt;Workplace and Occupational Health&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
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  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13343</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Assessment of a Plan for U.S. Participation in Euclid</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/AXWPkt7iabU/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13357#final</id>
    <published>2012-02-17T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2012-02-08T15:38:57-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;NASA proposed to make a hardware contribution to the European Space Agency's (ESA's) Euclid mission in exchange for U.S. membership on the Euclid Science Team and science data access. The Euclid mission will employ a space telescope that will make potentially important contributions to probing dark energy and to the measurement of cosmological parameters. Euclid will image a large fraction of the extragalactic sky at unprecedented resolution and measure spectra for millions of galaxies.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;Assessment of a Plan for U.S. Participation in Euclid&lt;/em&gt; evaluates whether a small investment in Euclid (around $20 million in hardware) is a viable part of an overall strategy to pursue the science goals set forth in &lt;em&gt;New Worlds, New Horizons&lt;/em&gt; in Astronomy and Astrophysics, a decadal plan for ground- and space- based astronomy and astrophysics. The top-ranked large-scale, space-based priority of the New Worlds, New Horizons is the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST). WFIRST has a broad, wide-field, near-infrared capability that will serve a wide variety of science programs of U.S. astronomers, including exoplanet research, near-infrared sky surveys, a guest observer program, and dark energy research. In carrying out this study the authoring committee's intent has been to be clear that this report does not alter &lt;em&gt;New Worlds, New Horizon's&lt;/em&gt; plans for the implementation of the survey's priorities.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Assessment of a Plan for &lt;em&gt;U.S. Participation in Euclid&lt;/em&gt; concludes that the NASA proposal would represent a valuable first step toward meeting one of the science goals (furthering dark energy research) of WFIRST. While WFIRST dark energy measurements are expected to be superior to Euclid's, U.S. participation in Euclid will have clear scientific, technical, and programmatic benefits to the U.S. community as WFIRST and Euclid go forward. According to this report, the current NASA proposal, to invest modestly in Euclid, is consistent with an expeditious development of WFIRST and the achievement of the broader, and more ambitious, goals outlined in &lt;em&gt;New Worlds, New Horizons.&lt;/em&gt;  Knowledge gained from the Euclid project could help optimize the science return of the WFIRST mission as well. Such an investment will further the goals of &lt;em&gt;New Worlds, New Horizons,&lt;/em&gt; be helpful to the preparations for WFIRST, and enhance WFIRST's chances of success.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13357"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/AXWPkt7iabU" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13357</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>An Assessment of the Science Proposed for the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL)</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/tuEu5iEbBhw/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13204#final</id>
    <published>2012-02-02T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2012-02-03T10:52:34-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;According to the big bang theory, our Universe began in a state of unimaginably high energy and density, contained in a space of subatomic dimensions. At that time, unlike today, the fundamental forces of nature were presumably unified and the particles present were interacting at energies not attainable by present-day accelerators. Underground laboratories provide the conditions to investigate processes involving rare phenomena in matter and to detect the weak effects of highly elusive particles by replicating similar environments to those once harnessed during the earliest states of the Earth.  These laboratories now appear to be the gateway to understanding the physics of the grand unification of the forces of nature.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Built to shield extremely sensitive detectors from the noise of their surroundings and the signals associated with cosmic rays, underground facilities have been established during the last 30 years at a number of sites worldwide. To date, the United States' efforts to develop such facilities have been modest and consist primarily of small underground laboratories.  However, the U.S. underground community has pushed for larger underground facilities on the scale of major laboratories in other countries.  &lt;em&gt;An Assessment of the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory&lt;/em&gt; (DUSEL) addresses this matter by evaluating the major physics questions and experiments that could be explored with the proposed DUSEL. Measuring the potential impact, this assessment also examines the broader effects of the DUSEL in regards to education and public outreach, and evaluates the need associated with developing U.S. programs similar to science programs in other regions of the world.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13204"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=290'&gt;Math, Chemistry and Physics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=411'&gt;Physics&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'&gt;Engineering and Technology&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=361'&gt;Construction: Design, Research, Planning&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=417'&gt;Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/tuEu5iEbBhw" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13204</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/ZGNZRC6MIwc/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13117#final</id>
    <published>2012-01-03T10:47:49-05:00</published>
    <updated>2012-01-13T13:58:36-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;In recent years, planetary science has seen a tremendous growth in new knowledge. Deposits of water ice exist at the Moon's poles. Discoveries on the surface of Mars point to an early warm wet climate, and perhaps conditions under which life could have emerged. Liquid methane rain falls on Saturn's moon Titan, creating rivers, lakes, and geologic landscapes with uncanny resemblances to Earth's. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022&lt;/em&gt; surveys the current state of knowledge of the solar system and recommends a suite of planetary science flagship missions for the decade 2013-2022 that could provide a steady stream of important new discoveries about the solar system. Research priorities defined in the report were selected through a rigorous review that included input from five expert panels. NASA's highest priority large mission should be the Mars Astrobiology Explorer Cacher (MAX-C), a mission to Mars that could help determine whether the planet ever supported life and could also help answer questions about its geologic and climatic history. Other projects should include a mission to Jupiter's icy moon Europa and its subsurface ocean, and the Uranus Orbiter and Probe mission to investigate that planet's interior structure, atmosphere, and composition. For medium-size missions, &lt;em&gt;Vision and &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022&lt;/em&gt; recommends that NASA select two new missions to be included in its New Frontiers program, which explores the solar system with frequent, mid-size spacecraft missions. If NASA cannot stay within budget for any of these proposed flagship projects, it should focus on smaller, less expensive missions first.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022&lt;/em&gt; suggests that the National Science Foundation expand its funding for existing laboratories and establish new facilities as needed.  It also recommends that the program enlist the participation of international partners. This report is a vital resource for government agencies supporting space science, the planetary science community, and the public.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13117"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/ZGNZRC6MIwc" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13117</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Recapturing a Future for Space Exploration: Life and Physical Sciences Research for a New Era</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/alFa5Hu5gWU/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13048#final</id>
    <published>2011-12-30T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2011-12-30T12:19:56-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;More than four decades have passed since a human first set foot on the Moon. Great strides have been made in our understanding of what is required to support an enduring human presence in space, as evidenced by progressively more advanced orbiting human outposts, culminating in the current International Space Station (ISS). However, of the more than 500 humans who have so far ventured into space, most have gone only as far as near-Earth orbit, and none have traveled beyond the orbit of the Moon. Achieving humans' further progress into the solar system had proved far more difficult than imagined in the heady days of the Apollo missions, but the potential rewards remain substantial.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;During its more than 50-year history, NASA's success in human space exploration has depended on the agency's ability to effectively address a wide range of biomedical, engineering, physical science, and related obstacles--an achievement made possible by NASA's strong and productive commitments to life and physical sciences research for human space exploration, and by its use of human space exploration infrastructures for scientific discovery. The Committee for the Decadal Survey of Biological and Physical Sciences acknowledges the many achievements of NASA, which are all the more remarkable given budgetary challenges and changing directions within the agency. In the past decade, however, a consequence of those challenges has been a life and physical sciences research program that was dramatically reduced in both scale and scope, with the result that the agency is poorly positioned to take full advantage of the scientific opportunities offered by the now fully equipped and staffed ISS laboratory, or to effectively pursue the scientific research needed to support the development of advanced human exploration capabilities.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Although its review has left it deeply concerned about the current state of NASA's life and physical sciences research, the Committee for the Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space is nevertheless convinced that a focused science and engineering program can achieve successes that will bring the space community, the U.S. public, and policymakers to an understanding that we are ready for the next significant phase of human space exploration. The goal of this report is to lay out steps and develop a forward-looking portfolio of research that will provide the basis for recapturing the excitement and value of human spaceflight--thereby enabling the U.S. space program to deliver on new exploration initiatives that serve the nation, excite the public, and place the United States again at the forefront of space exploration for the global good.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13048"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/alFa5Hu5gWU" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13048</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Sharing the Adventure with the Public: The Value and Excitement of 'Grand Questions' of Space Science and Exploration Summary of a Workshop</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/er3beNMJOE4/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13276#final</id>
    <published>2011-11-18T10:45:01-05:00</published>
    <updated>2012-02-28T14:38:44-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;On November 8-10, 2010, the National Research Council's Space Studies Board (SSB) held a public workshop on how NASA and its associated science and exploration communities communicate with the public about major NASA activities and programs. The concept and planning of the workshop developed over a period of two years. In conjunction with the SSB, the workshop planning committee identified five "Grand Questions" in space science and exploration around which the event was organized. As outlined in the summary, the workshop concluded with sessions on communicating space research and exploration to the public.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13276"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/er3beNMJOE4" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13276</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft: An Assessment of NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Programs</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/KWjqBlahmYE/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13244#final</id>
    <published>2011-11-16T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2011-11-16T16:33:18-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Derelict satellites, equipment and other debris orbiting Earth (aka space junk) have been accumulating for many decades and could damage or even possibly destroy satellites and human spacecraft if they collide. During the past 50 years, various National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) communities have contributed significantly to maturing meteoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) programs to their current state. Satellites have been redesigned to protect critical components from MMOD damage by moving critical components from exterior surfaces to deep inside a satellite's structure. Orbits are monitored and altered to minimize the risk of collision with tracked orbital debris. MMOD shielding added to the International Space Station (ISS) protects critical components and astronauts from potentially catastrophic damage that might result from smaller, untracked debris and meteoroid impacts. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft: An Assessment of NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Program&lt;/em&gt; examines NASA's efforts to understand the meteoroid and orbital debris environment, identifies what NASA is and is not doing to mitigate the risks posed by this threat, and makes recommendations as to how they can improve their programs. While the report identified many positive aspects of NASA's MMOD programs and efforts including responsible use of resources, it recommends that the agency develop a formal strategic plan that provides the basis for prioritizing the allocation of funds and effort over various MMOD program needs. Other necessary steps include improvements in long-term modeling, better measurements, more regular updates of the debris environmental models, and other actions to better characterize the long-term evolution of the debris environment.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13244"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/KWjqBlahmYE" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13244</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Preparing for the High Frontier: The Role and Training of NASA Astronauts in the Post-Space Shuttle Era</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/fkjxgialZpE/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13227#final</id>
    <published>2011-11-09T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2011-11-16T10:49:16-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;As the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) retires the Space Shuttle and shifts involvement in International Space Station (ISS) operations, changes in the role and requirements of NASA's Astronaut Corps will take place. At the request of NASA, the National Research Council (NRC) addressed three main questions about these changes: what should be the role and size of Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Flight Crew Operations Directorate (FCOD); what will be the requirements of astronaut training facilities; and is the Astronaut Corps' fleet of training aircraft a cost-effective means of preparing astronauts for NASA's spaceflight program? This report presents an assessment of several issues driven by these questions. This report does not address explicitly the future of human spaceflight.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13227"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/fkjxgialZpE" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13227</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>An Interim Report on NASA's Technology Roadmap</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/Wb4SLa_kcHc/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13228#final</id>
    <published>2011-10-18T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2011-10-19T12:25:18-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;For the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to achieve many of its space science and exploration goals over the next several decades, dramatic advances in space technology will be necessary. NASA has developed a set of 14 draft roadmaps to guide the development of such technologies under the leadership of the NASA Office of the Chief Technologist (OCT). Each roadmap focuses on a particular technology area.   &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; OCT requested that the National Research Council conduct a study to review the draft roadmaps, gather and assess relevant community input, and make recommendations and suggest priorities to inform NASA's decisions as it finalizes its roadmaps. The success of OCT's technology development program is essential, because technological breakthroughs have long been the foundation of NASA's successes, from its earliest days, to the Apollo program, to a vast array of space science missions and the International Space Station.   &lt;br /&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; An Interim Report of NASA's Technology Roadmap&lt;/em&gt; identifies some gaps in the technologies included in the individual roadmaps. The report suggests that the effectiveness of the NASA space technology program can be enhanced by employing proven management practices and principles including increasing program stability, addressing facility issues, and supporting adequate flight tests of new technologies. This interim report provides several additional observations that will be expanded on in the final report to be released in 2012.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13228"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/Wb4SLa_kcHc" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13228</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Examination of the U.S. Air Force's Aircraft Sustainment Needs in the Future and Its Strategy to Meet Those Needs</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/a-EkftKfwC8/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13177#final</id>
    <published>2011-10-17T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2011-10-21T11:39:34-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The ability of the United States Air Force (USAF) to keep its aircraft operating at an acceptable operational tempo, in wartime and in peacetime, has been important to the Air Force since its inception. This is a much larger issue for the Air Force today, having effectively been at war for 20 years, with its aircraft becoming increasingly more expensive to operate and maintain and with military budgets certain to further decrease. The enormously complex Air Force weapon system sustainment enterprise is currently constrained on many sides by laws, policies, regulations and procedures, relationships, and organizational issues emanating from Congress, the Department of Defense (DoD), and the Air Force itself.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Against the back-drop of these stark realities, the Air Force requested the National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies, under the auspices of the Air Force Studies Board to conduct and in-depth assessment of current and future Air Force weapon system sustainment initiatives and recommended future courses of action for consideration by the Air Force.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Examination of the U.S. Air Force's Aircraft Sustainment Needs in the Future and Its Strategy to Meet Those Needs&lt;/i&gt; addresses the following topics:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;     &lt;li&gt;Assess current sustainment investments, infrastructure, and processes for adequacy in sustaining aging legacy systems and their support equipment.&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;Determine if any modifications in policy are required and, if so, identify them and make recommendations for changes in Air Force regulations, policies, and strategies to accomplish the sustainment goals of the Air Force.&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;Determine if any modifications in technology efforts are required and, if so, identify them and make recommendations regarding the technology efforts that should be pursued because they could make positive impacts on the sustainment of the current and future systems and equipment of the Air Force.&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;Determine if the Air Logistics Centers have the necessary resources (funding, manpower, skill sets, and technologies) and are equipped and organized to sustain legacy systems and equipment and the Air Force of tomorrow.&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;Identify and make recommendations regarding incorporating sustainability into future aircraft designs.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13177"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'&gt;Conflict and Security Issues&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=326'&gt;Military and Defense Studies&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=416'&gt;Aircraft and Flight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/a-EkftKfwC8" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13177</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Summary of the Workshop to Identify Gaps and Possible Directions for NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Programs</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/SvTDq3X-DFQ/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13176#final</id>
    <published>2011-08-25T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-07-03T10:55:24-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;A Summary of the Workshop to Identify the Gaps and Possible Directions for NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Programs&lt;/em&gt; summarizes the two-day workshop held on March 9-10, 2011, where various stakeholders presented diverse perspectives on matters concerning NASA Micrometeoroid and Orbital Debris (MMOD) programs, NASA mission operators, the role and relationships of NASA MMOD programs to other federal agencies, MMOD and the commercial industry, and orbital debris retrieval and removal. The report assesses NASA's existing efforts, policies, and organizations with regard to orbital debris and micrometeoroids by creating advisory dialogue on potential opportunities for program enhancement and maintenance practices.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13176"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/SvTDq3X-DFQ" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13176</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Space Studies Board Annual Report 2010</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/852DTP4_NDo/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13214#final</id>
    <published>2011-08-01T13:27:53-04:00</published>
    <updated>2011-08-01T15:31:41-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The Space Studies Board (SSB) was established in 1958 to serve as the focus of the interests and responsibilities in space research for the National Academies. The SSB provides an independent, authoritative forum for information and advice on all aspects of space science and applications, and it serves as the focal point within the National Academies for activities on space research. It oversees advisory studies and program assessments, facilitates international research coordination, and promotes communications on space science and science policy between the research community, the federal government, and the interested public. The SSB also serves as the U.S. National Committee for the International Council for Science Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This volume reviews the organization, activities, and reports of the SSB for the year 2010.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13214"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/852DTP4_NDo" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13214</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/Lo6MCS4-uJY/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13212#final</id>
    <published>2011-07-22T12:23:29-04:00</published>
    <updated>2011-07-22T12:23:44-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Astronomy has as its domain the study of the celestial bodies-the sun, planets, stars, clouds of gas between the stars, galaxies-and undeniably the entire universe considered as a single system. Astronomy's goal is to learn the nature of these diverse objects and to relate their properties, their motions, and their distribution in space in a unified world picture; to understand the evolutionary development of the universe from the time of its formation to the present epoch of observation and beyond; and indeed to discover, if possible, its original state and its final destiny. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Emphasizing astronomy as a pure science, this report presents the challenges scientists and the government face in regards to radio and optical astronomical programs.  &lt;em&gt;Ground-based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program&lt;/em&gt; explores a balanced course for new facilities of ground-based astronomy in the next decade, and provides recommendations to create a progressive program that considers a wide spectrum of past inadequacies and future growth components. Outlining guiding principles and estimates of facility costs, &lt;em&gt;Ground-based Astronomy&lt;/em&gt; examines present positions in research and development to further advancement of astronomy in various sectors.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13212"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=417'&gt;Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/Lo6MCS4-uJY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13212</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Materials Needs and Research and Development Strategy for Future Military Aerospace Propulsion Systems</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/pkfjCjAfV4M/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13144#final</id>
    <published>2011-06-20T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2011-06-24T13:03:13-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The ongoing development of military aerospace platforms requires continuous technology advances in order to provide the nation's war fighters with the desired advantage. Significant advances in the performance and efficiency of jet and rocket propulsion systems are strongly dependent on the development of lighter more durable high-temperature materials. Materials development has been significantly reduced in the United States since the early 1990s, when the Department of Defense (DOD), the military services, and industry had very active materials development activities to underpin the development of new propulsion systems. This resulted in significant improvements in all engine characteristics and established the United States in global propulsion technology.  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Many of the significant advances in aircraft and rocket propulsion have been enabled by improved materials and, materials manufacturing processes. To improve efficiency further, engine weight must be reduced while preserving thrust.  &lt;em&gt;Materials Needs and Research and Development Strategy for Future Military Aerospace Propulsion Systems&lt;/em&gt; examines whether current and planned U.S. efforts are sufficient to meet U.S. military needs while keeping the U.S. on the leading edge of propulsion technology. This report considers mechanisms for the timely insertion of materials in propulsion systems and how these mechanisms might be improved, and describes the general elements of research and development strategies to develop materials for future military aerospace propulsion systems.  The conclusions and recommendations asserted in this report will enhance the efficiency, level of effort, and impact of DOD materials development activities.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13144"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'&gt;Engineering and Technology&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=364'&gt;Materials&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'&gt;Engineering and Technology&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=362'&gt;Engineering Education&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/pkfjCjAfV4M" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13144</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Assessment of Impediments to Interagency Collaboration on Space and Earth Science Missions</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/1rEFSsOUEuY/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13042#final</id>
    <published>2011-05-31T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2011-12-29T17:19:38-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Through an examination of case studies, agency briefings, and existing reports, and drawing on personal knowledge and direct experience, the Committee on Assessment of Impediments to Interagency Cooperation on Space and Earth Science Missions found that candidate projects for multiagency collaboration in the development and implementation of Earth-observing or space science missions are often intrinsically complex and, therefore costly, and that a multiagency approach to developing these missions typically results in additional complexity and cost. Advocates of collaboration have sometimes underestimated the difficulties and associated costs and risks of dividing responsibility and accountability between two or more partners; they also discount the possibility that collaboration will increase the risk in meeting performance objectives.&lt;br /&gt; This committee's principal recommendation is that agencies should conduct Earth and space science projects independently unless:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;     &lt;li&gt;It is judged that cooperation will result in significant added scientific value to the project over what could be achieved by a single agency alone; or&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;Unique capabilities reside within one agency that are necessary for the mission success of a project managed by another agency; or&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;The project is intended to transfer from research to operations necessitating a change in responsibility from one agency to another during the project; or&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;There are other compelling reasons to pursue collaboration, for example, a desire to build capacity at one of the cooperating agencies.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;Even when the total project cost may increase, parties may still find collaboration attractive if their share of a mission is more affordable than funding it alone. In these cases, alternatives to interdependent reliance on another government agency should be considered. For example, agencies may find that buying services from another agency or pursuing interagency coordination of spaceflight data collection is preferable to fully interdependent cooperation.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13042"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=281'&gt;Earth Sciences&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=340'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/1rEFSsOUEuY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13042</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Forging the Future of Space Science: The Next 50 Years</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/IIgjCuDwsEg/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12675#final</id>
    <published>2011-05-24T15:23:34-04:00</published>
    <updated>2011-05-24T16:06:56-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;From September 2007 to June 2008 the Space Studies Board conducted an international public seminar series, with each monthly talk highlighting a different topic in space and Earth science. The principal lectures from the series are compiled in &lt;em&gt;Forging the Future of Space Science&lt;/em&gt;. The topics of these events covered the full spectrum of space and Earth science research, from global climate change, to the cosmic origins of life, to the exploration of the Moon and Mars, to the scientific research required to support human spaceflight. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The prevailing messages throughout the seminar series as demonstrated by the lectures in this book are how much we have accomplished over the past 50 years, how profound are our discoveries, how much contributions from the space program affect our daily lives, and yet how much remains to be done. The age of discovery in space and Earth science is just beginning. Opportunities abound that will forever alter our destiny.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12675"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/IIgjCuDwsEg" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12675</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Panel Reports--New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/ufjtAHMMstI/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12982#final</id>
    <published>2011-05-18T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2011-05-19T17:42:42-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Every 10 years the National Research Council releases a survey of astronomy and astrophysics outlining priorities for the coming decade. The most recent survey, titled &lt;em&gt;New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/em&gt;, provides overall priorities and recommendations for the field as a whole based on a broad and comprehensive examination of scientific opportunities, infrastructure, and organization in a national and international context. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;i&gt;Panel Reports--New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/i&gt; is a collection of reports, each of which addresses a key sub-area of the field, prepared by specialists in that subarea, and each of which played an important role in setting overall priorities for the field. The collection, published in a single volume, includes the reports of the following panels:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;     &lt;li&gt;Cosmology and Fundamental Physics&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;Galaxies Across Cosmic Time&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;The Galactic Neighborhood&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;Stars and Stellar Evolution&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;Planetary Systems and Star Formation&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;Electromagnetic Observations from Space&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;Optical and Infrared Astronomy from the Ground&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;Particle Astrophysics and Gravitation&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;Radio, Millimeter, and Submillimeter Astronomy from the Ground&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The Committee for a Decadal Survey of Astronomy and Astrophysics synthesized these reports in the preparation of its prioritized recommendations for the field as a whole. These reports provide additional depth and detail in each of their respective areas. Taken together, they form an essential companion volume to&lt;em&gt; New Worlds, New Horizons: A Decadal Survey of Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/em&gt;. The book of panel reports will be useful to managers of programs of research in the field of astronomy and astrophysics, the Congressional committees with jurisdiction over the agencies supporting this research, the scientific community, and the public.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12982"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=417'&gt;Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/ufjtAHMMstI" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12982</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Review of the Space Communications Program of NASA's Space Operations Mission Directorate</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/fm3wNTTtDyo/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11718#final</id>
    <published>2011-04-11T16:20:16-04:00</published>
    <updated>2011-04-11T16:20:20-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        The Space Communications Office (SCO) at NASA has two primary roles.  The first is to manage two of the communications networks that enable spaceflight operations and research, and the second is to integrate agency-wide telecommunications issues.  In 2005, NASA asked the NRC to review the effectiveness of the SCO in carrying out its responsibilities by assessing the overall quality of the space communications program.  This report presents a review of each of the program elements within the SCO the space network, NASA s integrated space network (NISN), spectrum management, standards management, search and rescue, communications and navigation architecture, technology, and operations integration.  The review focuses on formulation of plans for each element, plan development methodology, connections with the broader community, and overall capabilities.  Recommendations for improving SCO operations and organization are provided.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11718"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/fm3wNTTtDyo" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11718</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2010 Symposium</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/dIxMCWGMxkc/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13043#final</id>
    <published>2011-02-07T14:45:02-05:00</published>
    <updated>2011-02-07T14:45:18-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;This volume highlights the papers presented at the National Academy of Engineering's 2010 U.S. Frontiers of Engineering Symposium. Every year, the symposium brings together 100 outstanding young leaders in engineering to share their cutting-edge research and technical work. The 2010 symposium was held September 23 - 25, and hosted by IBM at the IBM Learning Center in Armonk, New York. Speakers were asked to prepare extended summaries of their presentations, which are reprinted here. The intent of this book is to convey the excitement of this unique meeting and to highlight cutting-edge developments in engineering research and technical work.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13043"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'&gt;Engineering and Technology&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=361'&gt;Construction: Design, Research, Planning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/dIxMCWGMxkc" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13043</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Issues in Commuting and Pilot Fatigue: Interim Report</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/UmiRpxBUgBE/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13097#final</id>
    <published>2011-02-04T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2011-02-08T12:53:55-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The potential for fatigue to negatively affect human performance is well established. Concern about this potential in the aviation context extends back decades, with both airlines and pilots agreeing that fatigue is a safety concern. A more recent consideration is whether and how pilot commuting, conducted in a pilot's off-duty time, may affect fatigue. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The National Academy of Sciences was asked to review available information related to the prevalence and characteristics of pilot commuting; sleep, fatigue, and circadian rhythms; airline and regulatory oversight policies; and pilot and airline practices.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; This interim report summarizes the committee's review to date of the available information. The final report will present a final review, along with the committee's conclusions and recommendations based on the information available during its deliberations.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13097"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=416'&gt;Aircraft and Flight&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=277'&gt;Behavioral and Social Sciences&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=404'&gt;Human Factors&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=294'&gt;Transportation&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=462'&gt;Safety and Human Factors&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/UmiRpxBUgBE" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13097</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/uRcWu9GXecY/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12951#final</id>
    <published>2011-01-04T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2011-01-10T12:08:50-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Driven by discoveries, and enabled by leaps in technology and imagination, our understanding of the universe has changed dramatically during the course of the last few decades. The fields of astronomy and astrophysics are making new connections to physics, chemistry, biology, and computer science. Based on a broad and comprehensive survey of scientific opportunities, infrastructure, and organization in a national and international context, &lt;em&gt;New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/em&gt; outlines a plan for ground- and space- based astronomy and astrophysics for the decade of the 2010's.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Realizing these scientific opportunities is contingent upon maintaining and strengthening the foundations of the research enterprise including technological development, theory, computation and data handling, laboratory experiments, and human resources. &lt;em&gt;New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics &lt;/em&gt;proposes enhancing innovative but moderate-cost programs in space and on the ground that will enable the community to respond rapidly and flexibly to new scientific discoveries. The book recommends beginning construction on survey telescopes in space and on the ground to investigate the nature of dark energy, as well as the next generation of large ground-based giant optical telescopes and a new class of space-based gravitational observatory to observe the merging of distant black holes and precisely test theories of gravity.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/em&gt; recommends a balanced and executable program that will support research surrounding the most profound questions about the cosmos. The discoveries ahead will facilitate the search for habitable planets, shed light on dark energy and dark matter, and aid our understanding of the history of the universe and how the earliest stars and galaxies formed. The book is a useful resource for agencies supporting the field of astronomy and astrophysics, the Congressional committees with jurisdiction over those agencies, the scientific community, and the public.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12951"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=417'&gt;Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/uRcWu9GXecY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12951</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Report of the Panel on Implementing Recommendations from the New Worlds, New Horizons Decadal Survey</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/lsP8knmROHY/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13045#final</id>
    <published>2010-12-15T10:45:02-05:00</published>
    <updated>2012-05-19T01:09:07-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The 2010 Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey report, &lt;i&gt;New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/i&gt; (NWNH), outlines a scientifically exciting and programmatically integrated plan for both ground- and space-based astronomy and astrophysics in the 2012-2021 decade. However, late in the survey process, the budgetary outlook shifted downward considerably from the guidance that NASA had provided to the decadal survey. And since August 2010--when NWNH was released--the projections of funds available for new NASA Astrophysics initiatives has decreased even further because of the recently reported delay in the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to no earlier than the fourth quarter of 2015 and the associated additional costs of at least $1.4 billion. These developments jeopardize the implementation of the carefully designed program of activities proposed in NWNH. In response to these circumstances, NASA has proposed that the United States consider a commitment to the European Space Agency (ESA) Euclid mission at a level of approximately 20 percent. This participation would be undertaken in addition to initiating the planning for the survey's highest-ranked, space-based, large-scale mission, the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST). &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) requested that the National Research Council (NRC) convene a panel to consider whether NASA's Euclid proposal is consistent with achieving the priorities, goals, and recommendations, and with pursuing the science strategy, articulated in NWNH. The panel also investigated what impact such participation might have on the prospects for the timely realization of the WFIRST mission and other activities recommended by NWNH in view of the projected budgetary situation. The panel convened a workshop on November 7, 2010. The workshop presentations identified several tradeoffs among options: funding goals less likely versus more likely to be achieved in a time of restricted budgets; narrower versus broader scientific goals; and U.S.-only versus U.S.-ESA collaboration. The panel captured these tradeoffs in considering four primary options: Option A: Launch of WFIRST in the Decade 2012-2021; Option B: A Joint WFIRST/Euclid Mission; Option C: Commitment by NASA of 20 percent Investment in Euclid prior to the M-class decision; or Option D: No U.S. Financing of an Infrared Survey Mission This Decade.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13045"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=417'&gt;Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/lsP8knmROHY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13045</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Precise Geodetic Infrastructure: National Requirements for a Shared Resource</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/cJ1QU4Pgypw/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12954#final</id>
    <published>2010-10-25T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2010-10-26T11:26:41-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Geodesy is the science of accurately measuring and understanding three fundamental properties of Earth: its geometric shape, its orientation in space, and its gravity field, as well as the changes of these properties with time. Over the past half century, the United States, in cooperation with international partners, has led the development of geodetic techniques and instrumentation. Geodetic observing systems provide a significant benefit to society in a wide array of military, research, civil, and commercial areas, including sea level change monitoring, autonomous navigation, tighter low flying routes for strategic aircraft, precision agriculture, civil surveying, earthquake monitoring, forest structural mapping and biomass estimation, and improved floodplain mapping. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Recognizing the growing reliance of a wide range of scientific and societal endeavors on infrastructure for precise geodesy, and recognizing geodetic infrastructure as a shared national resource, this book provides an independent assessment of the benefits provided by geodetic observations and networks, as well as a plan for the future development and support of the infrastructure needed to meet the demand for increasingly greater precision. Precise Geodetic Infrastructure makes a series of focused recommendations for upgrading and improving specific elements of the infrastructure, for enhancing the role of the United States in international geodetic services, for evaluating the requirements for a geodetic workforce for the coming decades, and for providing national coordination and advocacy for the various agencies and organizations that contribute to the geodetic infrastructure.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12954"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'&gt;Engineering and Technology&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=360'&gt;Applications of Technology&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=281'&gt;Earth Sciences&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=335'&gt;Geography and Mapping&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/cJ1QU4Pgypw" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12954</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Fire- and Smoke-Resistant Interior Materials for Commercial Transport Aircraft</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/GoXSnOHtFAo/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5073#final</id>
    <published>2010-10-04T10:58:51-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        This report explores improved fire-resistant materials for aircraft interiors, with the objective "to discover the fundamental relationships between the composition and structure of materials and their behavior in fires to enable the design of a totally fire-resistant cabin for future commercial aircraft."  The report focuses on two principal areas:  (1) identifying promising materials technologies, design issues (both overall and for individual components), and fire performance parameters (both full scale and for individual components) that, if properly optimized, would lead to improved fire and smoke resistance of materials and components used in aircraf t interiors; and (2) identifying long-range research directions that hold the most promise for producing predictive modeling capability, new advanced materials, and the required product development to achieve totally fire-resistant interiors in future air craft. The emphasis of the study is on long-term innovation leading to impacts on fireworthiness of aircraft interiors 10-20 years hence.         &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5073"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=416'&gt;Aircraft and Flight&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=285'&gt;Environment and Environmental Studies&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=372'&gt;Pollutants and Toxics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/GoXSnOHtFAo" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5073</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Advancing Aeronautical Safety: A Review of NASA's Aviation Safety-Related Research Programs</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/CAXygrCAatQ/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12950#final</id>
    <published>2010-09-29T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2010-09-30T17:49:29-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Advancing the state of aviation safety is a central mission of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Congress requested this review of NASA's aviation safety-related research programs, seeking an assessment of whether the programs have well-defined, prioritized, and appropriate research objectives; whether resources have been allocated appropriately among these objectives; whether the programs are well coordinated with the safety research programs of the Federal Aviation Administration; and whether suitable mechanisms are in place for transitioning the research results into operational technologies and procedures and certification activities in a timely manner. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;i&gt;Advancing Aeronautical Safety&lt;/i&gt; contains findings and recommendations with respect to each of the main aspects of the review sought by Congress. These findings indicate that NASA's aeronautics research enterprise has made, and continues to make, valuable contributions to aviation system safety but it is falling short and needs improvement in some key respects.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12950"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=416'&gt;Aircraft and Flight&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=281'&gt;Earth Sciences&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=331'&gt;Climate, Weather and Meteorology&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/CAXygrCAatQ" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12950</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Controlling Cost Growth of NASA Earth and Space Science Missions</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/3fzrvEsfKRs/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12946#final</id>
    <published>2010-09-21T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2011-01-26T15:43:56-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Cost and schedule growth is a problem experienced by many types of projects in many fields of endeavor. Based on prior studies of cost growth in NASA and Department of Defense projects, this book identifies specific causes of cost growth associated with NASA Earth and space science missions and provides guidance on how NASA can overcome these specific problems.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The recommendations in this book focus on changes in NASA policies that would directly reduce or eliminate the cost growth of Earth and space science missions. Large cost growth is a concern for Earth and space science missions, and it can be a concern for other missions as well. If the cost growth is large enough, it can create liquidity problems for NASA's Science Mission Directorate that in turn cause cost profile changes and development delays that amplify the overall cost growth for other concurrent and/or pending missions. Addressing cost growth through the allocation of artificially high reserves is an inefficient use of resources because it unnecessarily diminishes the portfolio of planned flights. The most efficient use of resources is to establish realistic budgets and reserves and effective management processes that maximize the likelihood that mission costs will not exceed reserves. NASA is already taking action to reduce cost growth; additional steps, as recommended herein, will help improve NASA's mission planning process and achieve the goal of ensuring frequent mission opportunities for NASA Earth and space science.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12946"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/3fzrvEsfKRs" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12946</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Space Studies Board Annual Report 2009</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/aIZXFN8MSpc/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12918#final</id>
    <published>2010-07-23T13:06:46-04:00</published>
    <updated>2010-07-26T23:45:12-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The Space Studies Board (SSB) was established in 1958 to serve as the focus of the interests and responsibilities in space research for the National Academies. The SSB provides an independent, authoritative forum for information and advice on all aspects of space science and applications, and it serves as the focal point within the National Academies for activities on space research. It oversees advisory studies and program assessments, facilitates international research coordination, and promotes communications on space science and science policy between the research community, the federal government, and the interested public. The SSB also serves as the U.S. National Committee for the International Council for Science Committee on Space Research (COSPAR).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The present volume reviews the organization, activities, and reports of the SSB for the year 2009.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12918"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id='&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/aIZXFN8MSpc" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12918</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Life and Physical Sciences Research for a New Era of Space Exploration: An Interim Report</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/iz79ZGDAifo/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12944#final</id>
    <published>2010-07-23T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2010-07-26T14:39:57-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;In response to requests from Congress, NASA asked the National Research Council to undertake a decadal survey of life and physical sciences in microgravity. Developed in consultation with members of the life and physical sciences communities, the guiding principle for the study is to set an agenda for research for the next decade that will allow the use of the space environment to solve complex problems in life and physical sciences so as to deliver both new knowledge and practical benefits for humankind as we become a spacefaring people.   &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The project's statement of task calls for delivery of two books--an interim report and a final survey report. Although the development of specific recommendations is deferred until the final book, this interim report does attempt to identify programmatic needs and issues to guide near-term decisions that are critical to strengthening the organization and management of life and physical sciences research at NASA. &lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12944"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/iz79ZGDAifo" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12944</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/LV57xc3hKKI/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12842#final</id>
    <published>2010-06-21T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2010-01-22T10:45:33-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The United States spends approximately $4 million each year searching for near-Earth objects (NEOs). The objective is to detect those that may collide with Earth. The majority of this funding supports the operation of several observatories that scan the sky searching for NEOs. This, however, is insufficient in detecting the majority of NEOs that may present a tangible threat to humanity. A significantly smaller amount of funding supports ways to protect the Earth from such a potential collision or "mitigation." &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; In 2005, a Congressional mandate called for NASA to detect 90 percent of NEOs with diameters of 140 meters of greater by 2020. Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies identifies the need for detection of objects as small as 30 to 50 meters as these can be highly destructive. The book explores four main types of mitigation including civil defense, "slow push" or "pull" methods, kinetic impactors and nuclear explosions. It also asserts that responding effectively to hazards posed by NEOs requires national and international cooperation. Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies is a useful guide for scientists, astronomers, policy makers and engineers.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12842"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/LV57xc3hKKI" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12842</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Capabilities for the Future: An Assessment of NASA Laboratories for Basic Research</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/X0u4vM9qc30/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12903#final</id>
    <published>2010-05-13T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2011-04-14T11:57:32-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Over the past 5 years or more, there has been a steady and significant decrease in NASA's laboratory capabilities, including equipment, maintenance, and facility upgrades. This adversely affects the support of NASA's scientists, who rely on these capabilities, as well as NASA's ability to make the basic scientific and technical contributions that others depend on for programs of national importance. The fundamental research community at NASA has been severely impacted by the budget reductions that are responsible for this decrease in laboratory capabilities, and as a result NASA's ability to support even NASA's future goals is in serious jeopardy.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12903"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/X0u4vM9qc30" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12903</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Information Assurance for Network-Centric Naval Forces</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/sObeiOJ_LVA/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12609#final</id>
    <published>2010-03-11T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2010-01-08T10:45:02-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Owing to the expansion of network-centric operating concepts across the Department of Defense (DOD) and the growing threat to information and cybersecurity from lone actors, groups of like-minded actors, nation-states, and malicious insiders, information assurance is an area of significant and growing importance and concern. Because of the forward positioning of both the Navy's afloat and the Marine Corps expeditionary forces, IA issues for naval forces are exacerbated, and are tightly linked to operational success. Broad-based IA success is viewed by the NRC's Committee on Information Assurance for Network-Centric Naval Forces as providing a central underpinning to the DOD's network-centric operational concept and the Department of the Navy's (DON's) FORCEnet operational vision. Accordingly, this report provides a view and analysis of information assurance in the context of naval 'mission assurance'.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12609"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'&gt;Conflict and Security Issues&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=326'&gt;Military and Defense Studies&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/sObeiOJ_LVA" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12609</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Revitalizing NASA's Suborbital Program: Advancing Science, Driving Innovation, and Developing a Workforce</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/cHMFAy6NZdY/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12862#final</id>
    <published>2010-03-11T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2010-02-26T10:45:01-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Suborbital flight activities, including the use of sounding rockets, aircraft, high-altitude balloons, and suborbital reusable launch vehicles, offer valuable opportunities to advance science, train the next generation of scientists and engineers, and provide opportunities for participants in the programs to acquire skills in systems engineering and systems integration that are critical to maintaining the nation's leadership in space programs. Furthermore, the NASA Authorization Act of 2008 finds it in the national interest to expand the size of NASA's suborbital research program and to consider increased funding.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Revitalizing NASA's Suborbital Program&lt;/em&gt; is an assessment of the current state and potential of NASA's suborbital research programs and a review of NASA's capabilities in this area. The scope of this review includes:  existing programs that make use of suborbital flights; the status, capability, and availability of suborbital platforms; the existing or planned launch facilities for suborbital missions (including the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy); and opportunities for scientific research, training, and educational collaboration in the conduct of suborbital missions by NASA.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The findings illustrate that suborbital program elements-airborne, balloon, and sounding rockets-play vital and necessary strategic roles in NASA's research, innovation, education, employee development, and spaceflight mission success, thus providing the foundation for achievement of agency goals.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12862"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/cHMFAy6NZdY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12862</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>An Enabling Foundation for NASA's Space and Earth Science Missions</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/6EI-jLT3vdc/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12822#final</id>
    <published>2010-02-25T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2009-12-04T10:45:43-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;NASA's space and Earth science program is composed of two principal components: spaceflight projects and mission-enabling activities. Most of the budget of NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD) is applied to spaceflight missions, but NASA identifies nearly one quarter of the SMD budget as "mission enabling." The principal mission-enabling activities, which traditionally encompass much of NASA's research and analysis (R&amp;A) programs, include support for basic research, theory, modeling, and data analysis; suborbital payloads and flights and complementary ground-based programs; advanced technology development; and advanced mission and instrumentation concept studies. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; While the R&amp;A program is essential to the development and support of NASA's diverse set of space and Earth science missions, defining and articulating an appropriate scale for mission-enabling activities have posed a challenge throughout NASA's history.   This volume identifies the appropriate roles for mission-enabling activities and metrics for assessing their effectiveness. Furthermore, the book evaluates how, from a strategic perspective, decisions should be made about balance between mission-related and mission-enabling elements of the overall program as well as balance between various elements within the mission-enabling component. Collectively, these efforts will help SMD to make a good program even better.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12822"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/6EI-jLT3vdc" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12822</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies: Interim Report</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/offBw7Y4_S4/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12738#final</id>
    <published>2009-12-30T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2009-08-12T10:45:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The United States is currently the only country with an active, government-sponsored effort to detect and track potentially hazardous near-Earth objects (NEOs). Congress has mandated that NASA detect and track 90 percent of NEOs that are 1 kilometer in diameter or larger. These objects represent a great potential hazard to life on Earth and could cause global destruction. NASA is close to accomplishing this goal. Congress has more recently mandated that by 2020 NASA should detect and track 90 percent of NEOs that are 140 meters in diameter or larger, a category of objects that is generally recognized to represent a very significant threat to life on Earth if they strike in or near urban areas. Achieving this goal may require the building of one or more additional observatories, possibly including a space-based observatory.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Congress directed NASA to ask the National Research Council to review NASA's near-Earth object programs. This interim report addresses some of the issues associated with the survey and detection of NEOs. The final report will contain findings and recommendations for survey and detection, characterization, and mitigation of near-Earth objects based on an integrated assessment of the problem.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12738"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/offBw7Y4_S4" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12738</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>An Assessment of NASA's National Aviation Operations Monitoring Service</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/KiTJbGM7pik/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12795#final</id>
    <published>2009-12-24T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2009-10-28T10:45:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The National Research Council of the National Academies was requested by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to perform an independent assessment of NASA's National Aviation Operations Monitoring Service (NAOMS) project, which was a survey administered to pilots from April 2001 through December 2004.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The NRC reviewed various aspects of the NAOMS project, including the survey methodology, and conducted a limited analysis of the publicly available survey data. &lt;i&gt;An Assessment of NASA's National Aviation Operations Monitoring Service&lt;/i&gt; presents the resulting analyses and findings.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12795"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=294'&gt;Transportation&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=462'&gt;Safety and Human Factors&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/KiTJbGM7pik" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12795</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Fostering Visions for the Future: A Review of the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/b2BmORQSGhk/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12702#final</id>
    <published>2009-10-21T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2009-08-07T10:45:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC) was formed in 1998 to provide an independent source of advanced aeronautical and space concepts that could dramatically impact how NASA develops and conducts its missions. Until the program's termination in August 2007, NIAC provided an independent open forum, a high-level point of entry to NASA for an external community of innovators, and an external capability for analysis and definition of advanced aeronautics and space concepts to complement the advanced concept activities conducted within NASA. Throughout its 9-year existence, NIAC inspired an atmosphere for innovation that stretched the imagination and encouraged creativity. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; As requested by Congress, this volume reviews the effectiveness of NIAC and makes recommendations concerning the importance of such a program to NASA and to the nation as a whole, including the proper role of NASA and the federal government in fostering scientific innovation and creativity and in developing advanced concepts for future systems. Key findings and recommendations include that in order to achieve its mission, NASA must have, and is currently lacking, a mechanism to investigate visionary, far-reaching advanced concepts. Therefore, a NIAC-like entity should be reestablished to fill this gap.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12702"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/b2BmORQSGhk" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12702</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Revisiting the Department of Defense SBIR Fast Track Initiative</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/zABc9aobjY8/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12600#final</id>
    <published>2009-10-20T10:45:01-04:00</published>
    <updated>2009-10-20T10:45:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;In October 1995, the Department of Defense launched a Fast Track initiative to attract new firms and encourage commercialization of Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) funded technologies throughout the department. The goal of the Fast Track initiative is to help close the funding gap that can occur between Phase I and II of the SBIR program. The Fast Track initiative seeks to address the gap by providing expedited review and essentially continuous funding from Phase I to Phase II, as long as applying firms can demonstrate that they have obtained third-party financing for their technology. Another program initiative, Phase II Enhancement, was launched in 1999 to concentrate SBIR funds on those R&amp;D projects most likely to result in viable new products that the Department of Defense and others will buy. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The current volume evaluates the two SBIR Program initiatives--Fast Track and Phase II Enhancement--and finds that both programs are effective. Ninety percent of Fast Track and 95 percent of Phase II Enhancement reported satisfaction with their decision. This book identifies the successes and remaining shortcomings of the programs, providing recommendations to address these issues.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12600"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=289'&gt;Industry and Labor&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=406'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/zABc9aobjY8" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12600</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>America's Future in Space: Aligning the Civil Space Program with National Needs</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/I-HuCGSJQuU/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12701#final</id>
    <published>2009-09-16T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2009-07-07T10:45:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;As civil space policies and programs have evolved, the geopolitical environment has changed dramatically. Although the U.S. space program was originally driven in large part by competition with the Soviet Union, the nation now finds itself in a post-Cold War world in which many nations have established, or are aspiring to develop, independent space capabilities. Furthermore discoveries from developments in the first 50 years of the space age have led to an explosion of scientific and engineering knowledge and practical applications of space technology. The private sector has also been developing, fielding, and expanding the commercial use of space-based technology and systems. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Recognizing the new national and international context for space activities, &lt;em&gt;America's Future in Space&lt;/em&gt; is meant to advise the nation on key goals and critical issues in 21st century U.S. civil space policy. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12701"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'&gt;Policy for Science and Technology&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'&gt;Policy for Science and Technology&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/I-HuCGSJQuU" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12701</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Radioisotope Power Systems: An Imperative for Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Space Exploration</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/Kc2oU42_zww/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12653#final</id>
    <published>2009-07-14T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2009-05-07T10:45:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Spacecraft require electrical energy. This energy must be available in the outer reaches of the solar system where sunlight is very faint. It must be available through lunar nights that last for 14 days, through long periods of dark and cold at the higher latitudes on Mars, and in high-radiation fields such as those around Jupiter. Radioisotope power systems (RPSs) are the only available power source that can operate unconstrained in these environments for the long periods of time needed to accomplish many missions, and plutonium-238 (238Pu) is the only practical isotope for fueling them.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Plutonium-238 does not occur in nature. The committee does not believe that there is any additional 238Pu (or any operational 238Pu production facilities) available anywhere in the world.The total amount of 238Pu available for NASA is fixed, and essentially all of it is already dedicated to support several pending missions--the Mars Science Laboratory, Discovery 12, the Outer Planets Flagship 1 (OPF 1), and (perhaps) a small number of additional missions with a very small demand for 238Pu. If the status quo persists, the United States will not be able to provide RPSs for any subsequent missions.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12653"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/Kc2oU42_zww" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12653</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Approaches to Future Space Cooperation and Competition in a Globalizing World: Summary of a Workshop</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/Yer6CkmIPBc/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12694#final</id>
    <published>2009-06-23T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2009-06-15T10:46:22-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Numerous countries and regions now have very active space programs, and the number is increasing. These maturing capabilities around the world create a plethora of potential partners for cooperative space endeavors, while at the same time heightening competitiveness in the international space arena. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; This book summarizes a public workshop held in November 2008 for the purpose of reviewing past and present cooperation, coordination, and competition mechanisms for space and Earth science research and space exploration; identifying significant lessons learned; and discussing how those lessons could best be applied in the future, particularly in the areas of cooperation and collaboration. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Presentations and initial discussion focused on past and present experiences in international cooperation and competition to identify "lessons learned." Those lessons learned were then used as the starting point for subsequent discussions on the most effective ways for structuring future cooperation or coordination in space and Earth science research and space exploration. The goal of the workshop was not to develop a specific model for future cooperation or coordination, but rather to explore the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches and stimulate further deliberation on this important topic.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12694"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/Yer6CkmIPBc" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12694</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Assessment of Planetary Protection Requirements for Mars Sample Return Missions</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/t1XoIXL73Vk/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12576#final</id>
    <published>2009-05-13T10:45:01-04:00</published>
    <updated>2009-05-13T10:45:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;NASA maintains a planetary protection policy to avoid the forward biological contamination of other worlds by terrestrial organisms, and back biological contamination of Earth from the return of extraterrestrial materials by spaceflight missions. Forward-contamination issues related to Mars missions were addressed in a 2006 National Research Council (NRC) book, Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars. However, it has been more than 10 years since back-contamination issues were last examined. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Driven by a renewed interest in Mars sample return missions, this book reviews, updates, and replaces the planetary protection conclusions and recommendations contained in the NRC's 1997 report Mars Sample Return: Issues and Recommendations. The specific issues addressed in this book include the following:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;     &lt;li&gt;The potential for living entities to be included in samples returned from Mars;&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;Scientific investigations that should be conducted to reduce uncertainty in the above assessment;&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;The potential for large-scale effects on Earth's environment by any returned entity released to the environment;&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;Criteria for intentional sample release, taking note of current and anticipated regulatory frameworks; and&lt;/li&gt;     &lt;li&gt;The status of technological measures that could be taken on a mission to prevent the inadvertent release of a returned sample into Earth's biosphere.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12576"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/t1XoIXL73Vk" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12576</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Severe Space Weather Events--Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report - Extended Summary</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/Jr1Dyx78DP8/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12643#final</id>
    <published>2009-05-13T10:29:32-04:00</published>
    <updated>2009-05-13T10:29:32-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The adverse effects of extreme space weather on modern technology--power grid outages, high-frequency communication blackouts, spacecraft anomalies--are well known and well documented, and the physical processes underlying space weather are also generally well understood. Less well documented and understood, however, are the potential economic and societal impacts of the disruption of critical technological systems by severe space weather.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This volume, an extended four-color summary of the book, &lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12507"&gt;Severe Space Weather Events--Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts&lt;/a&gt;, addresses the questions of space weather risk assessment and management.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The workshop on which the books are based brought together representatives of industry, the government, and academia to consider both direct and collateral effects of severe space weather events, the current state of the space weather services infrastructure in the United States, the needs of users of space weather data and services, and the ramifications of future technological developments for contemporary society's vulnerability to space weather. The workshop concluded with a discussion of un- or underexplored topics that would yield the greatest benefits in space weather risk management.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12643"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/Jr1Dyx78DP8" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12643</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/F2I20_s5ZXw/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12441#final</id>
    <published>2009-03-27T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-12-17T10:45:01-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program is one of the largest examples of U.S. public-private partnerships. Founded in 1982, SBIR was designed to encourage small business to develop new processes and products and to provide quality research in support of the many missions of the U.S. government, including health, energy, the environment, and national defense. In response to a request from the U.S. Congress, the National Research Council assessed SBIR as administered by the five federal agencies that together make up 96 percent of program expenditures. &lt;br /&gt; This book, one of six in the series, reports on the SBIR program at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and finds that the program is making significant progress in achieving the Congressional goals for the program. Keeping in mind NASA's unique mission and the recent significant changes to the program, the committee found the SBIR program to be sound in concept and effective in practice at NASA..  The book recommends programmatic changes that should make the SBIR program even more effective in achieving its legislative goals.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12441"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=289'&gt;Industry and Labor&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=406'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/F2I20_s5ZXw" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12441</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>A Performance Assessment of NASA's Heliophysics Program</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/ygFpnikgWrM/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12608#final</id>
    <published>2009-03-24T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2009-03-02T10:45:02-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Since the 1990s, the pace of discovery in the field of solar and space physics has accelerated, largely owing to NASA investments in its Heliophysics Great Observatory fleet of spacecraft. These enable researchers to investigate connections between events on the Sun and in the space environment by combining multiple points of view.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Recognizing the importance of observations of the Sun-to-Earth system, the National Research Council produced a solar and space physics decadal survey in 2003, laying out the Integrated Research Strategy. This strategy provided a prioritized list of flight missions, plus theory and modeling programs, that would advance the relevant physical theories, incorporate those theories in models that describe a system of interactions between the Sun and the space environment, obtain data on the system, and analyze and test the adequacy of the theories and models.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Five years later, this book measures NASA's progress toward the goals and priorities laid out in the 2003 study.  Unfortunately, very little of the recommended priorities will be realized before 2013. Mission cost growth, reordering of survey mission priorities, and unrealized budget assumptions have delayed nearly all of the recommended NASA spacecraft missions. The resulting loss of synergistic capabilities in space will constitute a serious impediment to future progress.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12608"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=417'&gt;Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/ygFpnikgWrM" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12608</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Launching Science: Science Opportunities Provided by NASA's Constellation System</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/J6bZVu_cpaA/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12554#final</id>
    <published>2009-02-12T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2008-11-24T10:45:01-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;In January 2004 NASA was given a new policy direction known as the Vision for Space Exploration. That plan, now renamed the United States Space Exploration Policy, called for sending human and robotic missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. In 2005 NASA outlined how to conduct the first steps in implementing this policy and began the development of a new human-carrying spacecraft known as Orion, the lunar lander known as Altair, and the launch vehicles Ares I and Ares V.&lt;br /&gt; Collectively, these are called the Constellation System. In November 2007 NASA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to evaluate the potential for new science opportunities enabled by the Constellation System of rockets and spacecraft.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The NRC committee evaluated a total of 17 mission concepts for future space science missions.  Of those, the committee determined that 12 would benefit from the Constellation System and five would not.  This book presents the committee's findings and recommendations, including cost estimates, a review of the technical feasibility of each mission, and identification of the missions most deserving of future study. &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12554"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/J6bZVu_cpaA" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12554</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Observing Weather and Climate from the Ground Up: A Nationwide Network of Networks</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/WBFai12qjGE/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12540#final</id>
    <published>2009-01-06T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2008-11-20T13:45:02-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Detailed weather observations on local and regional levels are essential to a range of needs from forecasting tornadoes to making decisions that affect energy security, public health and safety, transportation, agriculture and all of our economic interests. As technological capabilities have become increasingly affordable, businesses, state and local governments, and individual weather enthusiasts have set up observing systems throughout the United States. However, because there is no national network tying many of these systems together, data collection methods are inconsistent and public accessibility is limited. This book identifies short-term and long-term goals for federal government sponsors and other public and private partners in establishing a coordinated nationwide "network of networks" of weather and climate observations.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12540"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=281'&gt;Earth Sciences&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=331'&gt;Climate, Weather and Meteorology&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/WBFai12qjGE" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12540</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Severe Space Weather Events--Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/sUBjO6aKOJE/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12507#final</id>
    <published>2009-01-05T10:45:01-05:00</published>
    <updated>2009-01-05T10:45:01-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The adverse effects of extreme space weather on modern technology--power grid outages, high-frequency communication blackouts, spacecraft anomalies--are well known and well documented, and the physical processes underlying space weather are also generally well understood. Less well documented and understood, however, are the potential economic and societal impacts of the disruption of critical technological systems by severe space weather. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; As a first step toward determining the socioeconomic impacts of extreme space weather events and addressing the questions of space weather risk assessment and management, a public workshop was held in May 2008. The workshop brought together representatives of industry, the government, and academia to consider both direct and collateral effects of severe space weather events, the current state of the space weather services infrastructure in the United States, the needs of users of space weather data and services, and the ramifications of future technological developments for contemporary society's vulnerability to space weather. The workshop concluded with a discussion of un- or underexplored topics that would yield the greatest benefits in space weather risk management. &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12507"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/sUBjO6aKOJE" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12507</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>A Constrained Space Exploration Technology Program: A Review of NASA's Exploration Technology Development Program</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/Iuo_pGdRKgo/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12471#final</id>
    <published>2008-12-29T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2008-08-21T10:45:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;In January 2004, President George W. Bush announced the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE), which instructed NASA to "Extend human presence across the solar system, starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations," among other objectives. As acknowledged in the VSE, significant technology development will be necessary to accomplish the goals it articulates. NASA's Exploration Technology Development Program (ETDP) is designed to support, develop, and ultimately provide the necessary technologies to meet the goals of the VSE. This book, a review of the ETDP, is broadly supportive of the intent and goals of the VSE, and finds the ETDP is making progress towards the stated goals of technology development. However, the ETDP is operating within significant constraints which limit its ability to successfully accomplish those goals-the still dynamic nature of the Constellation Program requirements, the constraints imposed by a limited budget, the aggressive time scale of early technology deliverables, and the desire to fully employ the NASA workforce.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12471"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/Iuo_pGdRKgo" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12471</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Review of NASA's Exploration Technology Development Program--An Interim Report</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/yN0nm5s8QAU/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12189#final</id>
    <published>2008-12-12T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2008-04-10T09:45:02-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        To meet the objectives of the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE), NASA must develop a wide array of enabling technologies.  For this purpose, NASA established the Exploration Technology Development Program (ETDP).  Currently, ETDP has 22 projects underway.  In the report accompanying the House-passed version of the FY2007 appropriations bill, the agency was directed to request from the NRC an independent assessment of the ETDP.  This interim report provides an assessment of each of the 22 projects including a quality rating, an analysis of how effectively the research is being carried out, and the degree to which the research is aligned with the VSE.  To the extent possible, the identification and discussion of various cross-cutting issues are also presented.  Those issues will be explored and discussed in more detail in the final report.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12189"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/yN0nm5s8QAU" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12189</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines for Selected Contaminants: Volume 3</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/-cgM-yZ9jbg/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12527#final</id>
    <published>2008-11-26T09:46:37-05:00</published>
    <updated>2008-11-26T09:46:37-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;NASA maintains an active interest in the environmental conditions associated with living and working in spacecraft and identifying hazards that might adversely affect the health and well-being of crew members. Despite major engineering advances in controlling the spacecraft environment, some water and air contamination is inevitable. Several hundred chemical species are likely to be found in the closed environment of the spacecraft, and as the frequency, complexity, and duration of human space flight increase, identifying and understanding significant health hazards will become more complicated and more critical for the success of the missions.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To protect space crews from contaminants in potable and hygiene water, NASA requested that the National Research Council NRC provide guidance on how to develop water exposure guidelines and subsequently review NASA's development of the exposure guidelines for specific chemicals. This book presents spacecraft water exposure guidelines (SWEGs) for antimony, benzene, ethylene glycol, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, and propylene glycol.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12527"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=416'&gt;Aircraft and Flight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/-cgM-yZ9jbg" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12527</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants: Volume 5</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/oksmzr4z0EI/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12529#final</id>
    <published>2008-11-26T09:45:01-05:00</published>
    <updated>2008-11-26T09:45:01-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;NASA is aware of the potential toxicologic hazards to crew that might be associated with prolonged spacecraft missions. Despite major engineering advances in controlling the atmosphere within spacecraft, some contamination of the air appears inevitable. NASA has measured numerous airborne contaminants during space missions. As the missions increase in duration and complexity, ensuring the health and well-being of astronauts traveling and working in this unique environment becomes increasingly difficult. As part of its efforts to promote safe conditions aboard spacecraft, NASA requested the National Research Council to develop guidelines for establishing spacecraft maximum allowable concentrations (SMACs) for contaminants and to review SMACs for various spacecraft contaminants to determine whether NASA's recommended exposure limits are consistent with the guidelines recommended by the committee.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This book is the fifth volume in the series Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants, and presents SMACs for acrolein, C3 to C8 aliphatic saturated aldehydes, C2 to C9 alkanes, ammonia, benzene, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, 1,2-dichloroethane, dimethylhydrazine, ethanol, formaldehyde, limonene, methanol, methylene dichloride, n-butanol, propylene glycol, toluene, trimethylsilanol, and xylenes.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12529"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=416'&gt;Aircraft and Flight&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=285'&gt;Environment and Environmental Studies&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=369'&gt;Environmental Health and Safety&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/oksmzr4z0EI" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12529</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Assessing the Research and Development Plan for the Next Generation Air Transportation System: Summary of a Workshop</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/PKeLS8OK8Bs/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12447#final</id>
    <published>2008-09-26T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-07-31T09:45:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        The U.S. aviation industry, airline passengers, aircraft pilots, airports, and airline companies are all facing challenges. The air transportation system is experiencing unprecedented and increasing levels of use. The federal government understands the critical need to update the U.S. air transportation system, and plans to implement the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) by 2025. This system is an example of active networking technology that updates itself with real-time shared information and tailors itself to the individual needs of all U.S. aircraft, stressing adaptability by enabling aircraft to immediately adjust to ever-changing factors.  &lt;p&gt;On April 1-2, 2008, a workshop was held at the National Academies to gather reactions to the research and development aspects of the Joint Planning and Development Office's baseline Integrated Work Plan (IWP), which is designed to increase the efficiency of airport and air space use in the United States. This book provides a summary of the workshop, which included presentations on the following topics: &lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Airport operations and support;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Environmental management;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Air navigation operations,&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Air navigation support, and flight operation support;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Positioning, navigation, and timing services and surveillance;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Weather information services;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Safety management;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Net-centric infrastructure services and operations; and&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Layered adaptive security.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;          &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12447"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=294'&gt;Transportation&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=422'&gt;Policy&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=416'&gt;Aircraft and Flight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/PKeLS8OK8Bs" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12447</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Satellite Observations to Benefit Science and Society: Recommended Missions for the Next Decade</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/7S8-4dtRyng/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11952#final</id>
    <published>2008-09-10T13:23:55-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-09-10T13:23:55-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;i&gt;Satellite Observations to Benefit Science and Society: Recommended Missions for the Next Decade&lt;/i&gt; brings the next ten years into focus for the Earth and environmental science community with a prioritized agenda of space programs, missions, and supporting activities that will best serve scientists in the next decade. These missions will address a broad range of societal needs, such as more reliable weather forecasts, early earthquake warnings, and improved pollution management, benefiting both scientific discovery and the health and well-being of society. &lt;p&gt;Based on the 2007 book, &lt;i&gt;Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond&lt;/i&gt;, this book explores each of the seventeen recommended missions in detail, identifying launch dates, responsible agencies, estimated cost, scientific and public benefits, and more. Printed entirely in color, the book features rich photographs and illustrations, tables, and graphs that will keep the attention of scientists and non-scientists alike.&lt;/p&gt;           &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11952"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=281'&gt;Earth Sciences&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=331'&gt;Climate, Weather and Meteorology&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/7S8-4dtRyng" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11952</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Ensuring the Climate Record from the NPOESS and GOES-R Spacecraft: Elements of a Strategy to Recover Measurement Capabilities Lost in Program Restructuring</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/GOotZq9xWcA/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12254#final</id>
    <published>2008-08-25T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-07-10T10:45:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;In 2000, the nation's next-generation National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) program anticipated purchasing six satellites for $6.5 billion, with a first launch in 2008. By November 2005, however, it became apparent that NPOESS would overrun its cost estimates by at least 25 percent. In June 2006, the planned acquisition of six spacecraft was reduced to four, the launch of the first spacecraft was delayed until 2013, and several sensors were canceled or descoped in capability.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Based on information gathered at a June 2007 workshop, "Options to Ensure the Climate Record from the NPOESS and GOES-R Spacecraft," this book prioritizes capabilities, especially those related to climate research, that were lost or placed at risk following the 2006 changes.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This book presents and recommends a prioritized, short-term strategy for recovery of crucial climate capabilities lost in the NPOESS and GOES-R program descopes. However, mitigation of these recent losses is only the first step in establishing a viable long-term climate strategy-one that builds on the lessons learned from the well-intentioned but poorly executed merger of the nation's weather and climate observation systems.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12254"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=285'&gt;Environment and Environmental Studies&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=367'&gt;Climate Change&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/GOotZq9xWcA" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12254</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>NASA Aeronautics Research: An Assessment</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/uixvZIUXppY/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12182#final</id>
    <published>2008-07-30T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-04-07T09:45:02-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        In 2006, the NRC published a Decadal Survey of Civil Aeronautics: Foundation for the Future, which set out six strategic objectives for the next decade of civil aeronautics research and technology. To determine how NASA is implementing the decadal survey, Congress mandated in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Act of 2005 that the NRC carry out a review of those efforts.  Among other things, this report presents an assessment of how well NASA's research portfolio is addressing the recommendations and high priority R&amp;T challenges identified in the Decadal Survey; how well NASA's aeronautic research portfolio is addressing the aeronautics research requirements; and whether the nation will have the skilled workforce and research facilities to meet the first two items.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12182"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=416'&gt;Aircraft and Flight&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/uixvZIUXppY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12182</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Opening New Frontiers in Space: Choices for the Next New Frontiers Announcement of Opportunity</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/W23zgXI1ae8/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12175#final</id>
    <published>2008-07-21T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-03-11T10:45:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        The New Frontiers Program was created by NASA in 2002 at the recommendation of the NRC's decadal survey for solar system research.  In order to optimize solar system research, the NRC recommended a series of principal-investigator missions that encourage innovation and accomplish the main scientific objectives presented in the survey.  Two of the five recommended missions have been selected and, as was also recommended in the survey, the NRC was asked in 2007 to provide criteria and guiding principles to NASA for determining the list of candidate missions.  This book presents a review of eight missions: the three remaining from the original list of five from the survey plus five missions considered by the survey committee but which were not recommended.  Included in the review of each mission is a discussion of relevant science and technology developments since the survey and set of recommended science goals.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12175"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/W23zgXI1ae8" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12175</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Review of NASA's Human Research Program Evidence Books: A Letter Report</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/04Kcx3UpupU/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12261#final</id>
    <published>2008-07-02T10:45:01-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-07-02T10:45:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Planning for long-duration space flights requires consideration of complex disease prevention, behavioral health, and clinical treatment issues-issues resulting from the hazards of the space environment and from limitations to in-mission medical care. These research and development needs have prompted NASA to seek and coordinate assessment from both national and international space medicine practice as well as biomedical research communities.  &lt;i&gt;Review of NASA's Human Research Program Evidence Books: A Letter Report&lt;/i&gt; examines NASA's plans to assemble the available evidence on human health risks of spaceflight and moves forward in identifying and addressing gaps in research. Recommendations to strengthen the content, composition, and dissemination of the evidence books are intended to improve future versions of these critical documents. These evidence books should be the continuously updated knowledge base of best evidence regarding risks to human health associated with spaceflight, particularly spaceflight beyond low Earth orbit and of long duration. Such a knowledge base will serve the interests of mission planners, researchers, and ultimately the individuals who accept those risks in their role as space travelers.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12261"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/04Kcx3UpupU" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12261</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Proceedings of a Workshop on Materials State Awareness</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/iVmxJUJ-Wiw/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12246#final</id>
    <published>2008-06-30T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-06-17T09:45:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        In order to ensure effective military operations and continued warfighter safety, the functionality and integrity of the equipment used must also be ensured. For the past several years, the Nondestructive Evaluation Branch at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has focused actively on the development of embedded sensing technologies for the real-time monitoring of damage states in aircraft, turbine engines, and aerospace structures. These sensing technologies must be developed for use in environments ranging from the normal to the extreme, confronting researchers with the need to understand issues involving reliability, wireless telemetry, and signal processing methods.   Additionally, there is a need to develop science and technology that will address the sensing of a material state at the microstructure level, precursor damage at the dislocation level, and fatigue-crack size population.   To address these issues, the National Research Council convened a workshop at which speakers gave their personal perspectives on technological approaches to understanding materials state and described potential challenges and advances in technology. This book consists primarily of extended abstracts of the workshop speakers' presentations, conveying the nature and scope of the material presented.          &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12246"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'&gt;Engineering and Technology&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=364'&gt;Materials&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=416'&gt;Aircraft and Flight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/iVmxJUJ-Wiw" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12246</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Options to Ensure the Climate Record from the NPOESS and GOES-R Spacecraft: A Workshop Report</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/AWdKwBngP34/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12033#final</id>
    <published>2008-06-19T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        In 2000, the nation's next-generation National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) program anticipated purchasing six satellites for $6.5 billion, with a first launch in 2008. By November 2005, however, it became apparent that NPOESS would overrun its cost estimates by at least 25 percent.  In June 2006, the planned acquisition of six spacecraft was reduced to four, the launch of the first spacecraft was delayed until 2013, and several sensors were canceled or descoped in capability.  To examine the impacts of these changes, particularly those associated with climate research, and ways to mitigate those impacts, NASA and NOAA asked the NRC to add this task to its ongoing "decadal survey," Earth Science and Applications from Space.  The sponsors and the NRC agreed to address this task separately and to base its analysis on a major workshop.   This book presents summaries of discussions at the workshop, which included sessions on the measurements and sensors originally planned for NPOESS and GOES-R; generation of climate data records; mitigation options, including the role of international partners; and cross-cutting issues.            &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12033"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=281'&gt;Earth Sciences&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=331'&gt;Climate, Weather and Meteorology&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=285'&gt;Environment and Environmental Studies&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=367'&gt;Climate Change&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/AWdKwBngP34" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12033</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Managing Space Radiation Risk in the New Era of Space Exploration</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/eBkuAQe3x7Y/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12045#final</id>
    <published>2008-05-29T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-03-31T09:45:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        As part of the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE), NASA is planning for humans to revisit the Moon and someday go to Mars. An important consideration in this effort is protection against the exposure to space radiation.  That radiation might result in severe long-term health consequences for astronauts on such missions if they are not adequately shielded.  To help with these concerns, NASA asked the NRC to further the understanding of the risks of space radiation, to evaluate radiation shielding requirements, and recommend a strategic plan for developing appropriate mitigation capabilities.  This book presents an assessment of current knowledge of the radiation environment; an examination of the effects of radiation on biological systems and mission equipment; an analysis of current plans for radiation protection; and a strategy for mitigating the risks to VSE astronauts.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12045"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/eBkuAQe3x7Y" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12045</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>United States Civil Space Policy: Summary of a Workshop</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/PqnmaA3K9Ig/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12202#final</id>
    <published>2008-05-13T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-05-02T09:45:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        In 2004, the NRC released a workshop report about the future direction of the U.S. civil space program. At the same time, the Administration announced the Vision for Space Exploration, and in June 2004, it issued a report that articulated a balanced space program for human and robotic exploration and science.  Subsequent NRC reports, however, have noted that NASA has not been given the resources to carry out this broad-based program.  This challenge, along with others faced by the U.S. civil space program, stimulated the NRC to form an ad hoc committee to organize a second workshop, held in November 2007, to address the space program's future directions.  The workshop's goal was to air a range of views and perspectives so as to inform discussions of these questions by policymakers and the public.  This book presents a summary of the workshop.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12202"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/PqnmaA3K9Ig" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12202</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Science Opportunities Enabled by NASA's Constellation System: Interim Report</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/m13nnbLyhBU/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12201#final</id>
    <published>2008-05-08T10:45:01-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-05-08T10:45:01-04:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        To begin implementation of the Vision for Space Exploration (recently renamed "United States Space Exploration Policy"), NASA has begun development of new launch vehicles and a human-carrying spacecraft that are collectively called the Constellation System.  In November 2007, NASA asked the NRC to evaluate the potential for the Constellation System to enable new space science opportunities.  For this interim report, 11 existing "Vision Mission" studies of advanced space science mission concepts inspired by earlier NASA forward-looking studies were evaluated.  The focus was to assess the concepts and group them into two categories: more-deserving or less deserving of future study.  This report presents a description of the Constellation System and its opportunities for enabling new space science opportunities, and a systematic analysis of the 11 Vision Mission studies.  For the final report, the NRC issued a request for information to the relevant communities to obtain  ideas for other mission concepts that will be assessed by the study committee, and several issues addressed only briefly in the interim report will be explored more fully.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12201"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/m13nnbLyhBU" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12201</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Wake Turbulence: An Obstacle to Increased Air Traffic Capacity</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/ghNwbHv5jds/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12044#final</id>
    <published>2008-03-27T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2008-01-10T09:45:02-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        Without major changes, the current air transportation system will be unable to accommodate the expected increase in demand by 2025.  One proposal to address this problem is to use the Global Positioning System to enable aircraft to fly more closely spaced.  This approach, however, might be limited by the wake turbulence problem, which can be a safety hazard when smaller aircraft follow relatively larger aircraft too closely.  To examine how this potential hazard might be reduced, Congress in 2005 directed NASA to request a study from the NRC to assess the federal wake turbulence R&amp;D program.  This book provides a description of the problem, an assessment of the organizational challenges to addressing wake turbulence, an analysis of the technical challenges in wake turbulence, and a proposal for a wake turbulence program plan.  A series of recommendations for addressing the wake turbulence challenge are also given.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12044"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=281'&gt;Earth Sciences&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=331'&gt;Climate, Weather and Meteorology&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/ghNwbHv5jds" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12044</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Grading NASA's Solar System Exploration Program: A Midterm Review</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/Kqk5mQ98vSA/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12070#final</id>
    <published>2008-03-25T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2007-11-28T13:16:43-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        The NASA Authorization Act of 2005 directed the agency to ask the NRC to assess the performance of each division in the NASA Science directorate at five-year intervals. In this connection, NASA requested the NRC to review the progress the Planetary Exploration Division has made in implementing recommendations from previous, relevant NRC studies.  This book provides an assessment of NASA's progress in fulfilling those recommendations including an evaluation how well it is doing and of current trends.  The book covers key science questions, flight missions, Mars exploration, research and analysis, and enabling technologies.  Recommendations are provided for those areas in particular need of improvement.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12070"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/Kqk5mQ98vSA" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12070</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Assessment of the NASA Astrobiology Institute</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/2bOKkhOrN2s/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12071#final</id>
    <published>2008-03-20T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>2007-12-10T10:14:46-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        Astrobiology is a scientific discipline devoted to the study of life in the universe - its origin, evolution, distribution, and future.  In 1997, NASA established an Astrobiology program (the NASA Astrobiology Institute - NAI) as a result of a series of new results from solar system exploration and astronomical research in the mid-1990s together with advances in the biological sciences.  To help evaluate the NAI, NASA asked the NRC to review progress made by the Institute in developing the field of astrobiology.  This book presents an evaluation of NAI's success in meeting its goals for fostering interdisciplinary research, training future astrobiology researchers, providing scientific and technical leadership, exploring new research approaches with information technology, and supporting outreach to K-12 education programs.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12071"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/2bOKkhOrN2s" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12071</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Soldier Protective Clothing and Equipment: Feasibility of Chemical Testing Using a Fully Articulated Robotic Mannequin</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/Zqsfndxy2dE/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11959#final</id>
    <published>2008-03-19T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        There is an ongoing need to test and ensure effectiveness of personal protective equipment that soldiers use to protect themselves against chemical warfare agents.  However, testing using human subjects presents major challenges and current human-size thermal mannequins have limited testing capabilities.  The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) along with their counterparts from other countries are seeking to develop more human like mannequins, which would include features like human motion, in order to carry out more advanced chemical testing.  At the request of DOD Product Director, Test Equipment, Strategy and Support, the National Research Council formed an ad hoc committee to evaluate the feasibility of developing an advanced humanoid robot, or Protection Ensemble Test Mannequin (PETMAN) system that meets the DOD requirements.  The book concludes that although most of the individual requirements can technically be met, fulfilling all of the requirements is currently not possible. Based on this conclusion the committee recommends that DOD considers three issues, prioritization of current system requirements, use qualified contractor for particular technical aspects, incorporate complementary testing approaches to the PETMAN system.          &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11959"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'&gt;Conflict and Security Issues&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=329'&gt;Weapons and Technology&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/Zqsfndxy2dE" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11959</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Space Science and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Summary of a Workshop</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/tQhTCeTWuN8/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12093#final</id>
    <published>2008-02-12T09:45:01-05:00</published>
    <updated>2008-02-12T09:45:01-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        ITAR, which controls defense trade, includes the U.S. Munitions List (USML) which specifies categories of defense articles and services covered by the regulations.  In 1999, space satellites were added to the USML.  In 2002 ITAR was amended to exclude U.S. universities from having to obtain ITAR licenses when performing fundamental research involving foreign countries and/or persons.  Despite this provision, there remains considerable uncertainty among university researchers about whether the regulations apply to their research leading to a rather conservative interpretation of the regulations and the imposition of burdens that might not be necessary.  To explore this concern, NASA asked the NRC to organize a workshop of all stakeholders on the implications of ITAR for space science.  This book presents a summary of the workshop discussions including those on perspectives on recent developments and implementation of ITAR; overarching issues; problems arising from ITAR's implementation; and opportunities for near-term actions and improvements.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12093"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'&gt;Conflict and Security Issues&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=328'&gt;Prevention, Security and Response&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/tQhTCeTWuN8" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12093</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Workshop Series on Issues in Space Science and Technology: Summary of Space and Earth Science Issues from the Workshop on U.S. Civil Space Policy</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/1agBwCVR9iQ/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12156#final</id>
    <published>2008-02-11T09:45:02-05:00</published>
    <updated>2008-02-11T09:45:02-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        NASA has asked the Space Studies Board (SSB) of the NRC to examine issues related to space science and technology through a series of three workshops.  The first of these was held in November 2007 in conjunction with another workshop being held jointly by the SSB and ASEB to assess U.S. civil space policy broadly.   Some of the workshop sessions focused more than others on issues of interest to NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD).  This book concentrates on those sessions and presents a summary of the views of the participants on the issues that are relevant to SMD.  A separate book will be prepared on the full range of issues about U.S. civil space policy discussed at the workshop.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12156"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'&gt;Policy for Science and Technology&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'&gt;Policy for Science and Technology&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/1agBwCVR9iQ" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12156</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Plasma Science: Advancing Knowledge in the National Interest</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/UPdu_SBLH_8/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11960#final</id>
    <published>2007-12-20T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        As part of its current physics decadal survey, Physics 2010, the NRC was asked by the DOE, NSF, and NASA to carry out an assessment of and outlook for the broad field of plasma science and engineering over the next several years.  The study was to focus on progress in plasma research, identify the most compelling new scientific opportunities, evaluate prospects for broader application of plasmas, and offer guidance to realize these opportunities.  The study paid particular attention to these last two points.  This "demand-side" perspective provided a clear look at what plasma research can do to help achieve national goals of fusion energy, economic competitiveness, and nuclear weapons stockpile stewardship.  The report provides an examination of the broad themes that frame plasma research: low-temperature plasma science and engineering; plasma physics at high energy density; plasma science of magnetic fusion; space and astrophysical science; and basic plasma science.  Within those themes, the report offers a bold vision for future developments in plasma science.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11960"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=290'&gt;Math, Chemistry and Physics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=411'&gt;Physics&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=417'&gt;Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/UPdu_SBLH_8" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11960</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Earth Observations from Space: The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievements</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/FA5mByXkCiM/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11991#final</id>
    <published>2007-12-17T00:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        Over the past 50 years, thousands of satellites have been sent into space on missions to collect data about the Earth. Today, the ability to forecast weather, climate, and natural hazards depends critically on these satellite-based observations. At the request of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Research Council convened a committee to examine the scientific accomplishments that have resulted from space-based observations. This book describes how the ability to view the entire globe at once, uniquely available from satellite observations, has revolutionized Earth studies and ushered in a new era of multidisciplinary Earth sciences. In particular, the ability to gather satellite images frequently enough to create "movies" of the changing planet is improving the understanding of Earth's dynamic processes and helping society to manage limited resources and environmental challenges. The book concludes that continued Earth observations from space will be required to address scientific and societal challenges of the future.         &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11991"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=281'&gt;Earth Sciences&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=340'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/FA5mByXkCiM" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11991</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/jC_z-CNJa3M/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11820#final</id>
    <published>2007-10-01T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Natural and human-induced changes in Earth's interior, land surface, biosphere, atmosphere, and oceans affect all aspects of life.  Understanding these changes requires a range of observations acquired from land-, sea-, air-, and space-based platforms.  To assist NASA, NOAA, and USGS in developing these tools, the NRC was asked to carry out a "decadal strategy" survey of Earth science and applications from space that would develop the key scientific questions on which to focus Earth and environmental observations in the period 2005-2015 and beyond, and present a prioritized list of space programs, missions, and supporting activities to address these questions.  This report presents a vision for the Earth science program; an analysis of the existing Earth Observing System and recommendations to help restore its capabilities; an assessment of and recommendations for new observations and missions for the next decade; an examination of and recommendations for effective application of those observations; and an analysis of how best to sustain that observation and applications system.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11820"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=281'&gt;Earth Sciences&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=331'&gt;Climate, Weather and Meteorology&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=281'&gt;Earth Sciences&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=335'&gt;Geography and Mapping&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/jC_z-CNJa3M" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11820</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Assessment of Wingtip Modifications to Increase the Fuel Efficiency of Air Force Aircraft</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/-e2Ip-h23Dw/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11839#final</id>
    <published>2007-08-06T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        The high cost of aviation fuel has resulted in increased attention by Congress and the Air Force on improving military aircraft fuel efficiency.  One action considered is modification of the aircraft s wingtip by installing, for example, winglets to reduce drag.  While common on commercial aircraft, such modifications have been less so on military aircraft.  In an attempt to encourage greater Air Force use in this area, Congress, in H. Rept. 109-452, directed the Air Force to provide a report examining the feasibility of modifying its aircraft with winglets.  To assist in this effort, the Air Force asked the NRC to evaluate its aircraft inventory and identify those aircraft that may be good candidates for winglet modifications.  This report which considers other wingtip modifications in addition to winglets presents a review of wingtip modifications; an examination of previous analyses and experience with such modifications; and an assessment of wingtip modifications for various Air Force aircraft and potential investment strategies.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11839"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=416'&gt;Aircraft and Flight&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'&gt;Engineering and Technology&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=360'&gt;Applications of Technology&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/-e2Ip-h23Dw" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11839</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Improving the Efficiency of Engines for Large Nonfighter Aircraft</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/-r6S3jyu04Q/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11837#final</id>
    <published>2007-07-30T18:58:07-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        Because of the important national defense contribution of large, non-fighter aircraft, rapidly increasing fuel costs and increasing dependence on imported oil have triggered significant interest in increased aircraft engine efficiency by the U.S. Air Force.  To help address this need, the Air Force asked the National Research Council (NRC) to examine and assess technical options for improving engine efficiency of all large non-fighter aircraft under Air Force command.  This report presents a review of current Air Force fuel consumption patterns; an analysis of previous programs designed to replace aircraft engines; an examination of proposed engine modifications; an assessment of the potential impact of alternative fuels and engine science and technology programs, and an analysis of costs and funding requirements.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11837"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'&gt;Engineering and Technology&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=360'&gt;Applications of Technology&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=416'&gt;Aircraft and Flight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/-r6S3jyu04Q" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11837</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>The Limits of Organic Life in Planetary Systems</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/WpFnuvsHT64/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11919#final</id>
    <published>2007-07-06T14:07:56-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        The search for life in the solar system and beyond has to date been governed by a model based on what we know about life on Earth (terran life).  Most of NASA's mission planning is focused on locations where liquid water is possible and emphasizes searches for structures that resemble cells in terran organisms.  It is possible, however, that life exists that is based on chemical reactions that do not involve carbon compounds, that occurs in solvents other than water, or that involves oxidation-reduction reactions without oxygen gas.  To assist NASA incorporate this possibility in its efforts to search for life, the NRC was asked to carry out a study to evaluate whether nonstandard biochemistry might support life in solar system and conceivable extrasolar environments, and to define areas to guide research in this area.  This book presents an exploration of a limited set of hypothetical chemistries of life, a review of current knowledge concerning key questions or hypotheses about nonterran life, and suggestions for future research.         &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11919"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/WpFnuvsHT64" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11919</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon: Final Report</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/h3_UeG1A3qk/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11954#final</id>
    <published>2007-07-03T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        Because of the Moon s unique place in the evolution of rocky worlds, it is a prime focus of NASA s space exploration vision.  Currently NASA is defining and implementing a series of robotic orbital and landed missions to the Moon as the initial phase of this vision.  To realize the benefits of this activity, NASA needs a comprehensive, well-validated, and prioritized set of scientific research objectives.  To help establish those objectives, NASA asked the NRC to provide guidance on the scientific challenges and opportunities enabled by sustained robotic and human exploration of the Moon during the period 2008-2023 and beyond.  This final report presents a review of the current understanding of the early earth and moon; the identification of key science concepts and goals for moon exploration; an assessment of implementation options; and a set of prioritized lunar science concepts, goals, and recommendations. An interim report was released in September 2006.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11954"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/h3_UeG1A3qk" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11954</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>An Astrobiology Strategy for the Exploration of Mars</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/nQ-cfKx7uEo/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11937#final</id>
    <published>2007-06-26T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        Three recent developments have greatly increased interest in the search for life on Mars.  The first is new information about the Martian environment including evidence of a watery past and the possibility of atmospheric methane.  The second is the possibility of microbial viability on Mars.  Finally, the Vision for Space Exploration initiative included an explicit directive to search for the evidence of life on Mars.  These scientific and political developments led NASA to request the NRC s assistance in formulating an up-to-date integrated astrobiology strategy for Mars exploration. Among other topics, this report presents a review of current knowledge about possible life on Mars; an astrobiological assessment of current Mars missions; a review of Mars-mission planetary protection; and findings and recommendations.  The report notes that the greatest increase in understanding of Mars will come from the collection and return to Earth of a well-chosen suite of Martian surface materials.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11937"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/nQ-cfKx7uEo" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11937</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Building a Better NASA Workforce: Meeting the Workforce Needs for the National Vision for Space Exploration</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/BNbmg1wUwys/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11916#final</id>
    <published>2007-06-22T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) announced by President George W. Bush in 2004 sets NASA and the nation on a bold path to return to the Moon and one day put a human on Mars. The long-term endeavor represented  by the VSE is, however, subject to the constraints imposed by annual funding. Given that the VSE may take tens of years to implement, a significant issue is whether NASA and the United States will have the workforce needed to achieve that vision. The issues range from short-term concerns about the current workforce's skills for overseeing the development of new spacecraft and launch vehicles for the VSE to long-term issues regarding the training, recruiting, and retaining of scientists and engineers in-house as well as in industry and academia.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Asked to explore science and technology (S&amp;T) workforce needs to achieve the nation's long-term space exploration, the Committee on Meeting the Workforce Needs for the National Vision for Space Exploration concluded that in the short term, NASA does not possess the requisite in-house personnel with the experience in human spaceflight systems development needed to implement the VSE. But the committee acknowledges that NASA is cognizant of this fact and has taken steps to correct it, primarily by seeking to recruit highly skilled personnel from outside NASA, including persons from industry and retirees.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;For the long term, NASA has to ask if it is attracting and developing the talent it will need to execute a mission to return to the Moon, and the agency must identify what it needs to do to attract and develop a world-class workforce to explore other worlds. A major challenge for NASA is reorienting its human spaceflight workforce from the operation of current vehicles to the development of new vehicles at least throughout the next decade, as well as starting operations with new rockets and new spacecraft.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The committee emphasizes further that when evaluating its future workforce requirements, NASA has to consider not only programs for students, but also training opportunities for its current employees. NASA's training programs at the agency's various field centers, which are focused on NASA's civil service talent, require support to prevent the agency's internal skill base from withering. Furthermore, NASA faces the risk that, if it fails to nurture its own internal workforce, skilled personnel will be attracted to other government agencies and industry. &lt;em&gt;Building a Better NASA Workforce: Meeting the Workforce Needs for the National Vision for Space Exploration &lt;/em&gt;explains the findings and recommendations of the committee.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11916"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=282'&gt;Education&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=350'&gt;Math and Science Education&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/BNbmg1wUwys" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11916</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Portals to the Universe: The NASA Astronomy Science Centers</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/bmPv9TMdcFk/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11909#final</id>
    <published>2007-06-20T09:00:53-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The astronomy science centers established by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to serve as the interfaces between astronomy missions and the community of scientists who utilize the data have been enormously successful in enabling space-based astronomy missions to achieve their scientific potential. These centers have transformed the conduct of much of astronomical research, established a new paradigm for the use of large astronomical facilities, and advanced the science far beyond what would have been possible without them. &lt;em&gt;Portals to the Universe: The NASA Astronomy Science Centers &lt;/em&gt;explains in detail the findings of this report.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11909"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=417'&gt;Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/bmPv9TMdcFk" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11909</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Decadal Science Strategy Surveys: Report of a Workshop</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/TxIWN27f1LY/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11894#final</id>
    <published>2007-06-11T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;The Workshop on Decadal Science Strategy Surveys was held on November 14-16, 2006, to promote discussions of the use of National Research Council (NRC) decadal surveys for developing and implementing scientific priorities, to review lessons learned from the most recent surveys, and to identify potential approaches for future surveys that can enhance their realism, utility, and endurance.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The workshop involved approximately 60 participants from academia, industry, government, and the NRC. This report summarizes the workshop presentations, panel discussions, and general discussions on the use of decadal surveys for developing and implementing scientific priorities in astronomy and astrophysics, planetary science, solar and space physics, and Earth science. &lt;em&gt;Decadal Science Strategy Surveys: Report of a Workshop &lt;/em&gt;summarizes the evnts of the three day workshop.&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11894"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/TxIWN27f1LY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11894</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>A Performance Assessment of NASA's Astrophysics Program</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/DztbN4U3qtY/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11828#final</id>
    <published>2007-05-21T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        While a number of remarkable discoveries in astronomy and astrophysics have taken place over the past 20 years, many important questions remain.  Continued progress in these fields will require NASA s leadership.  To help determine if NASA can meet this challenge, Congress, in  the 2005 NASA Authorization Act, directed the agency to have "[t]he performance of each division in the Science directorate...reviewed and assessed by the National Academy of Sciences at 5-year intervals."  In early 2006, NASA asked the NRC to conduct such an assessment for the agency s Astrophysics Division. This report presents an assessment of how well NASA s current program addresses the strategies, goals, and priorities outlined in previous Academy reports.  The report provides an analysis of progress toward realizing these strategies, goals, and priorities; and a discussion of actions that could be taken to optimize the scientific value of the program in the context of current and forecasted resources.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11828"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=418'&gt;Policy, Reviews and Evaluations&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=417'&gt;Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/DztbN4U3qtY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11828</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Scientific Opportunities with a Rare-Isotope Facility in the United States</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/ib5xDIq8Vsc/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11796#final</id>
    <published>2007-04-09T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        Over ten years ago, U.S. nuclear scientists proposed construction of a new rare isotope accelerator in the United States, which would enable experiments to elucidate the important questions in nuclear physics.  To help assess this proposal, DOE and NSF asked the NRC to define the science agenda for a next-generation U.S. Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB).  As the study began, DOE announced a substantial reduction in the scope of this facility and put off its initial operation date by several years.  The study focused on an evaluation of the science that could be accomplished on a facility reduced in scope.  This report provides a discussion of the key science drivers for a FRIB, an assessment of existing domestic and international rare isotope beams, an assessment of the current U.S. position about the FRIB, and a set of findings and conclusions about the scientific and policy context for such a facility.           &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11796"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=417'&gt;Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=290'&gt;Math, Chemistry and Physics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=411'&gt;Physics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/ib5xDIq8Vsc" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11796</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Exploring Organic Environments in the Solar System</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/vhYwj7W1yz8/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11860#final</id>
    <published>2007-02-23T09:42:33-05:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        The sources, distributions, and transformation of organic compounds in the solar system are active study areas as a means to provide information about the evolution of the solar system and the possibilities of life elsewhere in the universe.  There are many organic synthesis processes, however, and ambiguity surrounds the relative effectiveness of these processes in explaining the distribution of organic compounds in the solar system.  As a consequence, NASA directed the NRC to determine what processes account for the reduced carbon compounds found throughout the solar system and to examine how planetary exploration can advance understanding of this central issue.  This report presents a discussion of the chemistry of carbon; an analysis of the formation, modification, and preservation of organic compounds in the solar system; and an assessment of research opportunities and strategies for enhancing our understanding of organic material in the solar system.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11860"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=278'&gt;Biology and Life Sciences&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=313'&gt;Biology&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/vhYwj7W1yz8" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11860</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Space Radiation Hazards and the Vision for Space Exploration: Report of a Workshop</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/n8m6o08cWIU/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2006:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11760#final</id>
    <published>2006-10-23T09:28:13-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        Fulfilling the President s Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) will require overcoming many challenges.  Among these are the hazards of space radiation to crews traveling to the Moon and Mars.  To explore these challenges in some depth and to examine ways to marshal research efforts to address them, NASA, NSF, and the NRC sponsored a workshop bringing together members of the space and planetary science, radiation physics, operations, and exploration engineering communities.  The goals of the workshop were to increase understanding of the solar and space physics in the environment of Earth, the Moon, and Mars; to identify compelling relevant research goals; and discuss directions this research should take over the coming decade.  This workshop report presents a discussion of radiation risks for the VSE, an assessment of specifying and predicting the space radiation environment, an analysis of operational strategies for space weather support, and a summary and conclusions of the workshop.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11760"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=419'&gt;Space Exploration and Development&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=417'&gt;Astronomy and Astrophysics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/n8m6o08cWIU" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11760</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Future Air Force Needs for Survivability</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/YXPZDVgeWoI/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2006:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11743#final</id>
    <published>2006-10-03T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        A key technical issue for future Air Force systems is to improve their ability to survive.  Increased use of stealth technology is proposed by many to be the major element in efforts to enhance survivability for future systems.  Others, however, suggest that the high cost and maintenance required of stealth technology make increased speed potentially more productive.  To help address this issue, the Air Force asked the NRC to investigate combinations of speed and stealth that would provide U.S. aircraft with a high survival capability in the 2018 period, and to identify changes in R&amp;D plans to enable such aircraft.  This report presents a review of stealth technology development; a discussion of possible future missions and threats; an analysis of the technical feasibility for achieving various levels of stealth and different speeds by 2018 and of relevant near-term R&amp;D needs and priorities; and observations about the utility of speed and stealth trade-offs against evolving threats.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11743"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'&gt;Conflict and Security Issues&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=326'&gt;Military and Defense Studies&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=416'&gt;Aircraft and Flight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/YXPZDVgeWoI" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11743</feedburner:origLink></entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Decadal Survey of Civil Aeronautics: Foundation for the Future</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://feeds.nap.edu/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~3/yYHB6UreLrw/catalog.php" />
    <id>tag:nap.edu,2006:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11664#final</id>
    <published>2006-09-27T00:00:00-04:00</published>
    <updated>1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00</updated>
    <author>
      <name>The National Academies Press</name>
      <uri>http://www.nap.edu</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.nap.edu">
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final Book Now Available&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        The U.S. air transportation system is very important for our economic well-being and national security. The nation is also the global leader in civil and military aeronautics, a position that needs to be maintained to help assure a strong future for the domestic and international air transportation system. Strong action is needed, however, to ensure that leadership role continues. To that end, the Congress and NASA requested the NRC to undertake a decadal survey of civil aeronautics research and technology (R&amp;T) priorities that would help NASA fulfill its responsibility to preserve U.S. leadership in aeronautics technology. This report presents a set of strategic objectives for the next decade of R&amp;T.  It provides a set of high-priority R&amp;T challenges -characterized by five common themes -for both NASA and non-NASA researchers, and an analysis of key barriers that must be overcome to reach the strategic objectives. The report also notes the importance of synergies between civil aeronautics R&amp;T objectives and those of national security.        &lt;p&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11664"&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topics:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=416'&gt;Aircraft and Flight&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=293'&gt;Space and Aeronautics&lt;/a&gt; &amp;raquo; &lt;a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=420'&gt;Space Systems and Hardware&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
      
    &lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/293/~4/yYHB6UreLrw" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content>
  <feedburner:origLink>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11664</feedburner:origLink></entry>
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