New Titles from the National Academies Press | Food and Nutritionhttp://www.nap.edu/rss?topic=2872013-06-19T08:20:01-04:00Science books from the publishers for the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research CouncilSodium Intake in Populations: Assessment of Evidencetag:nap.edu,2013:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18311#prepub2013-05-14T10:48:36-04:002013-05-22T15:05:46-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Prepublication Now Available</strong></p>
<p>Despite efforts over the past several decades to reduce sodium intake in the United States, adults still consume an average of 3,400 mg of sodium every day. A number of scientific bodies and professional health organizations, including the American Heart Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association, support reducing dietary sodium intake. These organizations support a common goal to reduce daily sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams and further reduce intake to 1,500 mg among persons who are 51 years of age and older and those of any age who are African-American or have hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease.</p> <p>A substantial body of evidence supports these efforts to reduce sodium intake. This evidence links excessive dietary sodium to high blood pressure, a surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and cardiac-related mortality. However, concerns have been raised that a low sodium intake may adversely affect certain risk factors, including blood lipids and insulin resistance, and thus potentially increase risk of heart disease and stroke. In fact, several recent reports have challenged sodium reduction in the population as a strategy to reduce this risk.</p> <p><em>Sodium Intake in Populations </em>recognizes the limitations of the available evidence, and explains that there is no consistent evidence to support an association between sodium intake and either a beneficial or adverse effect on most direct health outcomes other than some CVD outcomes (including stroke and CVD mortality) and all-cause mortality. Some evidence suggested that decreasing sodium intake could possibly reduce the risk of gastric cancer. However, the evidence was too limited to conclude the converse—that higher sodium intake could possibly increase the risk of gastric cancer. Interpreting these findings was particularly challenging because most studies were conducted outside the United States in populations consuming much higher levels of sodium than those consumed in this country. <em>Sodium Intake in Populations</em> is a summary of the findings and conclusions on evidence for associations between sodium intake and risk of CVD-related events and mortality.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18311">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/Hj5gPPO4hqk" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18311Challenges and Opportunities for Change in Food Marketing to Children and Youth: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2013:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18274#final2013-05-14T00:00:00-04:002013-05-14T20:24:32-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
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<p>The childhood obesity epidemic is an urgent public health problem. The most recent data available show that nearly 19 percent of boys and about 15 percent of girls aged 2-19 are obese, and almost a third of U.S. children and adolescents are overweight or obese (Ogden et al., 2012). The obesity epidemic will continue to take a substantial toll on the health of Americans. In the midst of this epidemic, children are exposed to an enormous amount of commercial advertising and marketing for food. In 2009, children aged 2-11 saw an average of more than 10 television food ads per day (Powell et al., 2011). Children see and hear advertising and marketing messages for food through many other channels as well, including radio, movies, billboards, and print media. Most notably, many new digital media venues and vehicles for food marketing have emerged in recent years, including Internet-based advergames, couponing on cell phones, and marketing on social networks, and much of this advertising is invisible to parents.</p> <p>The marketing of high-calorie, low-nutrient foods and beverages is linked to overweight and obesity. A major 2006 report from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) documents evidence that television advertising influences the food and beverage preferences, requests, and short-term consumption of children aged 2-11 (IOM, 2006). <em>Challenges and Opportunities for Change in Food Marketing to Children and Youth</em> also documents a body of evidence showing an association of television advertising with the adiposity of children and adolescents aged 2-18. The report notes the prevailing pattern that food and beverage products marketed to children and youth are often high in calories, fat, sugar, and sodium; are of low nutritional value; and tend to be from food groups Americans are already overconsuming. Furthermore, marketing messages that promote nutrition, healthful foods, or physical activity are scarce (IOM, 2006). To review progress and explore opportunities for action on food and beverage marketing that targets children and youth, the IOM's Standing Committee on Childhood Obesity Prevention held a workshop in Washington, DC, on November 5, 2012, titled "New Challenges and Opportunities in Food Marketing to Children and Youth."</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18274">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/Vap1o2gDaGQ" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18274Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Examining the Evidence to Define Benefit Adequacytag:nap.edu,2013:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13485#final2013-04-23T00:00:00-04:002013-04-26T09:18:06-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>For many Americans who live at or below the poverty threshold, access to healthy foods at a reasonable price is a challenge that often places a strain on already limited resources and may compel them to make food choices that are contrary to current nutritional guidance. To help alleviate this problem, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers a number of nutrition assistance programs designed to improve access to healthy foods for low-income individuals and households. The largest of these programs is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly called the Food Stamp Program, which today serves more than 46 million Americans with a program cost in excess of $75 billion annually. The goals of SNAP include raising the level of nutrition among low-income households and maintaining adequate levels of nutrition by increasing the food purchasing power of low-income families.</p> <p>In response to questions about whether there are different ways to define the adequacy of SNAP allotments consistent with the program goals of improving food security and access to a healthy diet, USDA's Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to conduct a study to examine the feasibility of defining the adequacy of SNAP allotments, specifically: the feasibility of establishing an objective, evidence-based, science-driven definition of the adequacy of SNAP allotments consistent with the program goals of improving food security and access to a healthy diet, as well as other relevant dimensions of adequacy; and data and analyses needed to support an evidence-based assessment of the adequacy of SNAP allotments.</p> <p><em>Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Examining the Evidence to Define Benefit Adequacy</em> reviews the current evidence, including the peer-reviewed published literature and peer-reviewed government reports. Although not given equal weight with peer-reviewed publications, some non-peer-reviewed publications from nongovernmental organizations and stakeholder groups also were considered because they provided additional insight into the behavioral aspects of participation in nutrition assistance programs. In addition to its evidence review, the committee held a data gathering workshop that tapped a range of expertise relevant to its task.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13485">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Diet and Health</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/7L0fX-e4S-M" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13485The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2013:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13522#final2013-02-13T00:00:00-05:002013-02-26T14:40:55-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>The Food Forum convened a public workshop on February 22-23, 2012, to explore current and emerging knowledge of the human microbiome, its role in human health, its interaction with the diet, and the translation of new research findings into tools and products that improve the nutritional quality of the food supply. <em>The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health: Workshop Summary</em> summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. Over the two day workshop, several themes covered included:</p> <ol> <li>The microbiome is integral to human physiology, health, and disease.</li> <li>The microbiome is arguably the most intimate connection that humans have with their external environment, mostly through diet.</li> <li>Given the emerging nature of research on the microbiome, some important methodology issues might still have to be resolved with respect to undersampling and a lack of causal and mechanistic studies.</li> <li>Dietary interventions intended to have an impact on host biology via their impact on the microbiome are being developed, and the market for these products is seeing tremendous success. However, the current regulatory framework poses challenges to industry interest and investment.</li> </ol> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13522">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Diet and Health</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/VJKxOV-yVCg" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13522Exploring Health and Environmental Costs of Food: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13521#final2012-12-28T00:00:00-05:002012-12-28T16:24:39-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>The U.S. food system provides many benefits, not the least of which is a safe, nutritious and consistent food supply. However, the same system also creates significant environmental, public health, and other costs that generally are not recognized and not accounted for in the retail price of food. These include greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil erosion, air pollution, and their environmental consequences, the transfer of antibiotic resistance from food animals to human, and other human health outcomes, including foodborne illnesses and chronic disease. Some external costs which are also known as externalities are accounted for in ways that do not involve increasing the price of food. But many are not. They are borne involuntarily by society at large. A better understanding of external costs would help decision makers at all stages of the life cycle to expand the benefits of the U.S. food system even further. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the National Research Council (NRC) with support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) convened a public workshop on April 23-23, 2012, to explore the external costs of food, methodologies for quantifying those costs, and the limitations of the methodologies.</p> <p><br /> The workshop was intended to be an information-gathering activity only. Given the complexity of the issues and the broad areas of expertise involved, workshop presentations and discussions represent only a small portion of the current knowledge and are by no means comprehensive. The focus was on the environmental and health impacts of food, using externalities as a basis for discussion and animal products as a case study. The intention was not to quantify costs or benefits, but rather to lay the groundwork for doing so. A major goal of the workshop was to identify information sources and methodologies required to recognize and estimate the costs and benefits of environmental and public health consequences associated with the U.S. food system. It was anticipated that the workshop would provide the basis for a follow-up consensus study of the subject and that a central task of the consensus study will be to develop a framework for a full-scale accounting of the environmental and public health effects for all food products of the U.S. food system.</p> <p> <br /> <em>Exploring Health and Environmental Costs of Food: Workshop Summary </em>provides the basis for a follow-up planning discussion involving members of the IOM Food and Nutrition Board and the NRC Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources and others to develop the scope and areas of expertise needed for a larger-scale, consensus study of the subject.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13521">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=276'>Agriculture</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=300'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/Xg8zQsw2o5U" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13521An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Preventiontag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13487#final2012-11-29T00:00:00-05:002013-02-26T15:58:57-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>During the past century the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States have shifted from those related to communicable diseases to those due to chronic diseases. Just as the major causes of morbidity and mortality have changed, so too has the understanding of health and what makes people healthy or ill. Research has documented the importance of the social determinants of health (for example, socioeconomic status and education) that affect health directly as well as through their impact on other health determinants such as risk factors. Targeting interventions toward the conditions associated with today's challenges to living a healthy life requires an increased emphasis on the factors that affect the current cause of morbidity and mortality, factors such as the social determinants of health. Many community-based prevention interventions target such conditions.</p> <p><br /> Community-based prevention interventions offer three distinct strengths. First, because the intervention is implemented population-wide it is inclusive and not dependent on access to a health care system. Second, by directing strategies at an entire population an intervention can reach individuals at all levels of risk. And finally, some lifestyle and behavioral risk factors are shaped by conditions not under an individual's control. For example, encouraging an individual to eat healthy food when none is accessible undermines the potential for successful behavioral change. Community-based prevention interventions can be designed to affect environmental and social conditions that are out of the reach of clinical services.</p> <p><br /> Four foundations - the California Endowment, the de Beaumont Foundation, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation - asked the Institute of Medicine to convene an expert committee to develop a framework for assessing the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, especially those targeting the prevention of long-term, chronic diseases. The charge to the committee was to define community-based, non-clinical prevention policy and wellness strategies; define the value for community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies; and analyze current frameworks used to assess the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, including the methodologies and measures used and the short- and long-term impacts of such prevention policy and wellness strategies on health care spending and public health. <em>An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention </em>summarizes the committee's findings.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13487">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=399'>Public Health and Prevention</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/mVSFMfo9IgU" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13487Using American Community Survey Data to Expand Access to the School Meals Programstag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13409#final2012-10-18T00:00:00-04:002012-10-18T15:13:12-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>The National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs, administered by the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), are key components of the nation's food security safety net, providing free or low-cost meals to millions of schoolchildren each day. To qualify their children each year for free or reduced-price meals, many families must submit applications that school officials distribute and review. To reduce this burden on families and schools and to encourage more children to partake of nutritious meals, USDA regulations allow school districts to operate their meals programs under special provisions that eliminate the application process and other administrative procedures in exchange for providing free meals to all students enrolled in one or more school in a district.</p> <p> <br /> FNS asked the National Academies' Committee on National Statistics and Food and Nutrition Board to convene a panel of experts to investigate the technical and operational feasibility of using data from the continuous American Community Survey (ACS) to estimate students eligible for free and reduced-price meals for schools and school districts. The ACS eligibility estimates would be used to develop "claiming percentages" that, if sufficiently accurate, would determine the USDA reimbursements to districts for schools that provided free meals to all students under a new special provision that eliminated the ongoing base-year requirements of current provisions. <br /> </p> <p><em>Using American Community Survey Data to Expand Access to the School Meals Program</em> was conducted in two phases. It first issued an interim report (National Research Council, 2010), describing its planned approach for assessing the utility of ACS-based estimates for a special provision to expand access to free school meals. This report is the final phase which presents the panel's findings and recommendations.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13409">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=277'>Behavioral and Social Sciences</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=307'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=277'>Behavioral and Social Sciences</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=303'>Children, Youth and Families</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/RFQIMtDz-MA" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13409Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13423#final2012-09-10T09:51:48-04:002012-09-10T09:53:23-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>Globalization of the food supply has created conditions favorable for the emergence, reemergence, and spread of food-borne pathogens-compounding the challenge of anticipating, detecting, and effectively responding to food-borne threats to health. In the United States, food-borne agents affect 1 out of 6 individuals and cause approximately 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths each year. This figure likely represents just the tip of the iceberg, because it fails to account for the broad array of food-borne illnesses or for their wide-ranging repercussions for consumers, government, and the food industry-both domestically and internationally. A One Health approach to food safety may hold the promise of harnessing and integrating the expertise and resources from across the spectrum of multiple health domains including the human and veterinary medical and plant pathology communities with those of the wildlife and aquatic health and ecology communities.<br /> <br /> The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop on December 13 and 14, 2011 that examined issues critical to the protection of the nation's food supply. The workshop explored existing knowledge and unanswered questions on the nature and extent of food-borne threats to health. Participants discussed the globalization of the U.S. food supply and the burden of illness associated with foodborne threats to health; considered the spectrum of food-borne threats as well as illustrative case studies; reviewed existing research, policies, and practices to prevent and mitigate foodborne threats; and, identified opportunities to reduce future threats to the nation's food supply through the use of a "One Health" approach to food safety. <em>Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary</em> covers the events of the workshop and explains the recommendations for future related workshops.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13423">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=390'>Global Health</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/r0h89BWQUeg" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13423Building Public-Private Partnerships in Food and Nutrition: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13412#final2012-09-06T00:00:00-04:002012-09-12T10:44:09-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>The leading challenges in public health--ranging from rising obesity rates to the fast-growing population of older adults--are complex and cannot be solved effectively by any one silver bullet or any one sector in isolation. Instead, their solutions require collaborative actions of many sectors, including industry, government, academia, and nongovernmental organizations. To better understand how to build multisectoral food and nutrition partnerships that achieve meaningful public health results, the IOM's Food Forum held a workshop on November 1-2, 2011, in Washington, D.C.</p> <p>The workshop brought together stakeholders from various sectors to discuss the benefits and risks of pursuing cross-sector partnerships, foster communication between sectors, and explore opportunities of mutual interest in food and nutrition that are most conducive for partnerships. Participants also discussed the perspectives of the various sectors, key features of successful partnerships, and what needs to be done to facilitate partnership development. This report, <em>Building Public-Private Partnerships in Food and Nutrition: Workshop Summary, </em>summarizes the workshop.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13412">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=400'>Public Policy</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/nisNCROFxqo" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13412Ensuring Safe Foods and Medical Products Through Stronger Regulatory Systems Abroadtag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13296#final2012-08-03T00:00:00-04:002012-08-06T15:04:03-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>A very high portion of the seafood we eat comes from abroad, mainly from China and Southeast Asia, and most of the active ingredients in medicines we take originate in other countries. Many low- and middle-income countries have lower labor costs and fewer and less stringent environmental regulations than the United States, making them attractive places to produce food and chemical ingredients for export. <em>Safe Foods and Medical Products Through Stronger Regulatory Systems Abroad</em> explains that the diversity and scale of imports makes it impractical for U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) border inspections to be sufficient to ensure product purity and safety, and incidents such as American deaths due to adulterated heparin imported from China propelled the problem into public awareness.</p> <p>The Institute of Medicine Committee on Strengthening Core Elements of Regulatory Systems in Developing Countries took up the vital task of helping the FDA to cope with the reality that so much of the food, drugs, biologics, and medical products consumed in the United States originate in countries with less-robust regulatory systems. <em>Ensuring Safe Foods and Medical Products Through Stronger Regulatory Systems Abroad </em>describes the ways the United States can help strengthen regulatory systems in low and middle income countries and promote cross-border partnerships - including government, industry, and academia - to foster regulatory science and build a core of regulatory professionals. This report also emphasizes an array of practical approaches to ensure sound regulatory practices in today's interconnected world.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13296">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=398'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/dzfECQdALoA" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13296Research Methods to Assess Dietary Intake and Program Participation in Child Day Care: Application to the Child and Adult Care Food Program: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13411#final2012-07-20T00:00:00-04:002012-07-23T13:26:45-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>More than 16 million children in the United States live in food-insecure households where they are unable to obtain enough food to meet their needs. At the same time, a growing number of children are overweight or obese. Because of these challenges, improving child nutrition has emerged as one of the nation's most urgent public health needs. The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP), a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) food program, served about 3.3 million children in 2011, as well as more than 124,000 adults who require daily supervision or assistance. Since many children rely on CACFP for the majority of their daily food, the quality of foods provided has the potential to greatly improve the health of the children's diets. <br /> <br /> The USDA asked the IOM to review and recommend improvements, as necessary, to the CACFP meal requirements in order to keep them aligned with other federally funded food assistance programs and with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The 2011 IOM report, Child and Adult Care Food Program Aligning Dietary Guidance for All, reviewed the program in detail and provided recommendations for improvement.<br /> <br /> In February 2012, at the request of the USDA, the IOM conducted an additional workshop to examine research methods and approaches that could be used to design and conduct a nationally representative study assessing children's dietary intake and participation rates in child care facilities, including CACFP-sponsored child care centers and homes. <em>Research Methods to Assess Dietary Intake and Program Participation in Child Day Care: Application to the Child and Adult Care Food Program Workshop Summary</em> is the report that summarizes the workshop.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13411">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=386'>Children's Health</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/WBA7SGiWhYQ" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13411Nutrition and Healthy Aging in the Community: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13344#final2012-05-15T00:00:00-04:002012-05-15T17:34:59-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>The U.S. population of older adults is predicted to grow rapidly as "baby boomers" (those born between 1946 and 1964) begin to reach 65 years of age. Simultaneously, advancements in medical care and improved awareness of healthy lifestyles have led to longer life expectancies. The Census Bureau projects that the population of Americans 65 years of age and older will rise from approximately 40 million in 2010 to 55 million in 2020, a 36 percent increase. Furthermore, older adults are choosing to live independently in the community setting rather than residing in an institutional environment. Furthermore, the types of services needed by this population are shifting due to changes in their health issues. Older adults have historically been viewed as underweight and frail; however, over the past decade there has been an increase in the number of obese older persons. Obesity in older adults is not only associated with medical comorbidities such as diabetes; it is also a major risk factor for functional decline and homebound status. The baby boomers have a greater prevalence of obesity than any of their historic counterparts, and projections forecast an aging population with even greater chronic disease burden and disability.<br /> <br /> In light of the increasing numbers of older adults choosing to live independently rather than in nursing homes, and the important role nutrition can play in healthy aging, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened a public workshop to illuminate issues related to community-based delivery of nutrition services for older adults and to identify nutrition interventions and model programs.<br /> <br /> <em>Nutrition and Healthy Aging in the Community </em>summarizes the presentations and discussions prepared from the workshop transcript and slides. This report examines nutrition-related issues of concern experienced by older adults in the community including nutrition screening, food insecurity, sarcopenic obesity, dietary patterns for older adults, and economic issues. This report explores transitional care as individuals move from acute, subacute, or chronic care settings to the community, and provides models of transitional care in the community. This report also provides examples of successful intervention models in the community setting, and covers the discussion of research gaps in knowledge about nutrition interventions and services for older adults in the community.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13344">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=385'>Aging</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/rMnF_SDFWLo" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13344Alliances for Obesity Prevention: Finding Common Ground: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13305#final2012-05-11T08:45:01-04:002012-05-11T08:45:13-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>Many organizations are making focused efforts to prevent obesity. To achieve their goals, accelerate their progress, and sustain their success, the assistance of many other individuals and groups--not all of them with a singular focus on obesity prevention--will be essential. In October 2011 the Institute of Medicine held a workshop that provided an opportunity for obesity prevention groups to hear from and hold discussions with many of these potential allies in obesity prevention. They explored common ground for joint activities and mutual successes and lessons learned from efforts at aligning diverse groups with goals in common.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13305">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'></a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'></a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'></a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=399'>Public Health and Prevention</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/o1UP7Dxa6IU" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13305Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nationtag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13275#final2012-05-08T08:15:02-04:002012-05-08T08:15:47-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>One-third of adults are now obese, and children's obesity rates have climbed from 5 to 17 percent in the past 30 years. The causes of the nation's obesity epidemic are multi-factorial, having much more to do with the absence of sidewalks and the limited availability of healthy and affordable foods than a lack of personal responsibility. The broad societal changes that are needed to prevent obesity will inevitably affect activity and eating environments and settings for all ages. Many aspects of the obesity problem have been identified and discussed; however, there has not been complete agreement on what needs to be done to accelerate progress.</p> <p><em>Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention</em> reviews previous studies and their recommendations and presents five key recommendations to accelerate meaningful change on a societal level during the next decade. The report suggests recommendations and strategies that, independently, can accelerate progress, but urges a systems approach of many strategies working in concert to maximize progress in accelerating obesity prevention.</p> <p>The recommendations in <em>Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention </em>include major reforms in access to and opportunities for physical activity; widespread reductions in the availability of unhealthy foods and beverages and increases in access to healthier options at affordable, competitive prices; an overhaul of the messages that surround Americans through marketing and education with respect to physical activity and food consumption; expansion of the obesity prevention support structure provided by health care providers, insurers, and employers; and schools as a major national focal point for obesity prevention. The report calls on all individuals, organizations, agencies, and sectors that do or can influence physical activity and nutrition environments to assess and begin to act on their potential roles as leaders in obesity prevention.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13275">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Diet and Health</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=386'>Children's Health</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/Os3uUL4nSo4" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13275A Sustainability Challenge: Food Security for All: Report of Two Workshopstag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13378#final2012-02-28T00:00:00-05:002012-02-28T14:17:34-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>The National Research Council's Science and Technology for Sustainability Program hosted two workshops in 2011 addressing the sustainability challenges associated with food security for all. The first workshop, Measuring Food Insecurity and Assessing the Sustainability of Global Food Systems, explored the availability and quality of commonly used indicators for food security and malnutrition; poverty; and natural resources and agricultural productivity. It was organized around the three broad dimensions of sustainable food security: (1) availability, (2) access, and (3) utilization. The workshop reviewed the existing data to encourage action and identify knowledge gaps. The second workshop, Exploring Sustainable Solutions for Increasing Global Food Supplies, focused specifically on assuring the availability of adequate food supplies. How can food production be increased to meet the needs of a population expected to reach over 9 billion by 2050? Workshop objectives included identifying the major challenges and opportunities associated with achieving sustainable food security and identifying needed policy, science, and governance interventions. Workshop participants discussed long term natural resource constraints, specifically water, land and forests, soils, biodiversity and fisheries. They also examined the role of knowledge, technology, modern production practices, and infrastructure in supporting expanded agricultural production and the significant risks to future productivity posed by climate change. This is a report of two workshops. </p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13378">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=276'>Agriculture</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=300'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=276'>Agriculture</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=298'>Crop and Plant Production</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=285'>Environment and Environmental Studies</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=375'>Sustainable Development</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/rFknTLEpIK0" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13378Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols: Promoting Healthier Choicestag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13221#final2011-12-30T00:00:00-05:002011-12-30T10:49:52-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>During the past decade, tremendous growth has occurred in the use of nutrition symbols and rating systems designed to summarize key nutritional aspects and characteristics of food products. These symbols and the systems that underlie them have become known as front-of-package (FOP) nutrition rating systems and symbols, even though the symbols themselves can be found anywhere on the front of a food package or on a retail shelf tag. Though not regulated and inconsistent in format, content, and criteria, FOP systems and symbols have the potential to provide useful guidance to consumers as well as maximize effectiveness. As a result, Congress directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to undertake a study with the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to examine and provide recommendations regarding FOP nutrition rating systems and symbols.</p> <p>The study was completed in two phases. Phase I focused primarily on the nutrition criteria underlying FOP systems. Phase II builds on the results of Phase I while focusing on aspects related to consumer understanding and behavior related to the development of a standardized FOP system.</p> <p><i>Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols</i> focuses on Phase II of the study. The report addresses the potential benefits of a single, standardized front-label food guidance system regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, assesses which icons are most effective with consumer audiences, and considers the systems/icons that best promote health and how to maximize their use.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13221">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/UIh26zrtNZ0" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13221Exploring Sustainable Solutions for Increasing Global Food Supplies: Report of a Workshoptag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13319#prepub2011-12-19T10:45:01-05:002011-12-19T10:45:07-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Prepublication Now Available</strong></p>
<i>Exploring Sustainable Solutions for Increasing Global Food Supplies</i> summarizes the second of two National Research Council workshops, addressing the sustainability challenges associated with food security for all. The workshop was held in May 2011. While sustainable food security depends both on the availability of food supplies and assuring access to food, this workshop focused specifically on assuring the availability of adequate food supplies. How can food production be increased to meet the needs of a population expected to reach over 9 billion by 2050? Workshop objectives included identifying the major challenges and opportunities associated with achieving sustainable food security and identifying needed policy, science, and governance interventions. Workshop participants discussed long term natural resource constraints, specifically water, land and forests, soils, biodiversity and fisheries. They also examined the role of knowledge, technology, modern production practices, and infrastructure in supporting expanded agricultural production and the significant risks to future productivity posed by climate change. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13319">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=379'>Food Science and Technology</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/a9rYDEcAB8c" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13319The Potential Consequences of Public Release of Food Safety and Inspection Service Establishment-Specific Datatag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13304#final2011-12-14T00:00:00-05:002011-12-15T11:22:11-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is the regulatory agency in the US Department of Agriculture that is responsible for ensuring that meat, poultry, and processed egg products produced domestically or imported into the United States are safe, wholesome, and properly labeled. FSIS collects a voluminous amount of data in support of its regulatory functions, but the two major types of FSIS data that are currently being considered for public release are sampling and testing data (derived from standard laboratory tests) and inspection and enforcement data (derived from text written by inspectors). Some of those data are already released to the public in aggregated form but not in disaggregated, establishment-specific form. In recent years, the Obama administration has implemented measures to facilitate openness in government, including the requirement that federal agencies publish information online and provide public access to information in a timely manner; in a form that can be easily retrieved, downloaded, indexed, and searched with tools that are available on the Internet; and without the need for Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests.</p> <p><i>The Potential Consequences of Public Release of Food Safety and Inspection Service Establishment-Specific Data</i> examines the potential food-safety benefits and other consequences of making establishment-specific data publicly available on the Internet. The report includes how factors such as level of aggregation, timing of release, level of completeness, and characterization of the data or context in which the data are presented might affect their utility in improving food safety. The report also examines potential ways that food-safety benefits and other effects of publicly posting the data might be measured.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13304">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/rHP5PIiU_BQ" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13304Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agentstag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13233#final2011-12-09T00:00:00-05:002011-12-13T09:57:50-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>The Transformational Medical Technologies (TMT) has been a unique component of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) medical biodefense efforts since 2006. Its mission is to advance countermeasure research and development in support of the broader goal of the DoD to protect warfighters from emerging infectious diseases and future genetically engineered biological weapons. The TMT, using advanced science and technology approaches, focused on the development of roadspectrum countermeasures that target common host and pathogen pathways or enhance the host's immune response. Many of these pathogens are lethal or cause such debilitating diseases in humans that it is ethically inappropriate to test the efficacy of these countermeasures in human volunteers. In lieu of human participants, these products may be tested in animals and approved for human use under the provisions of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s 2002 Animal Rule. The reliance on animal models for the development and licensure of medical countermeasures against biothreats is challenging for a number of reasons.</p> <p>The ad hoc Committee on Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents prepared a consensus report that would address the challenges stemming from developing and testing medical countermeasures against biothreat agents in animal models. <i>Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents</i> evaluates how well the existing TMT-employed or candidate animal models reflect the pathophysiology, clinical picture, and treatment of human disease as related to the agents of interest. The report addresses the process and/or feasibility of developing new animal models for critical biodefense research, placing emphasis on the need for a robust and expeditious validation process in terms of the FDA's Animal Rule. The report also evaluates alternatives to the use of animal models based on the premise of the Three Rs.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13233">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=278'>Biology and Life Sciences</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=316'>Lab Animal Research</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/6As3s7uPVwQ" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13233Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policiestag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13124#final2011-10-31T00:00:00-04:002011-11-01T13:00:39-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>Childhood obesity is a serious health problem that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. The magnitude of the problem has increased dramatically during the last three decades and, despite some indications of a plateau in this growth, the numbers remain stubbornly high. Efforts to prevent childhood obesity to date have focused largely on school-aged children, with relatively little attention to children under age 5. However, there is a growing awareness that efforts to prevent childhood obesity must begin before children ever enter the school system.</p> <p><em>Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies</em> reviews factors related to overweight and obese children from birth to age 5, with a focus on nutrition, physical activity, and sedentary behavior, and recommends policies that can alter children's environments to promote the maintenance of healthy weight. Because the first years of life are important to health and well-being throughout the life span, preventing obesity in infants and young children can contribute to reversing the epidemic of obesity in children and adults. The book recommends that health care providers make parents aware of their child's excess weight early. It also suggests that parents and child care providers keep children active throughout the day, provide them with healthy diets, limit screen time, and ensure children get adequate sleep.</p> <p>In addition to providing comprehensive solutions to tackle the problem of obesity in infants and young children, <em>Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies</em> identifies potential actions that could be taken to implement those recommendations. The recommendations can inform the decisions of state and local child care regulators, child care providers, health care providers, directors of federal and local child care and nutrition programs, and government officials at all levels.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13124">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=386'>Children's Health</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/OscQJNIXAOQ" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13124Updating the USDA National Breastfeeding Campaign: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13235#final2011-10-14T00:00:00-04:002011-10-24T10:50:46-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>Support for breastfeeding has been a priority of the WIC program since its inception in the 1970s. The Loving Support Makes Breastfeeding Work campaign, which the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Food and Nutrition Services launched in 1997, emphasizes key components needed for a breastfeeding mother to be successful. More than a decade after the campaign began, USDA wants to update it, taking into account changes in the WIC program, participants, and technology. On April 26, 2011, the IOM hosted a workshop to bring together experts to discuss what has changed since Loving Support began, lessons learned from other public health campaigns, and suggestions for where to take the campaign in the future.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13235">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=386'>Children's Health</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/r5jXiPZ-ibY" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13235Legal Strategies in Childhood Obesity Prevention: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13123#final2011-08-10T08:45:01-04:002011-08-10T08:45:14-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>Since 1980, childhood obesity rates have more than tripled in the United States. Recent data show that almost one-third of children over 2 years of age are already overweight or obese. While the prevalence of childhood obesity appears to have plateaued in recent years, the magnitude of the problem remains unsustainably high and represents an enormous public health concern. All options for addressing the childhood obesity epidemic must therefore be explored. In the United States, legal approaches have successfully reduced other threats to public health, such as the lack of passive restraints in automobiles and the use of tobacco. The question then arises of whether laws, regulations, and litigation can likewise be used to change practices and policies that contribute to obesity. </p> <p>On October 21, 2010, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) held a workshop to bring together stakeholders to discuss the current and future legal strategies aimed at combating childhood obesity. <em>Legal Strategies in Childhood Obesity Prevention</em> summarizes the proceedings of that workshop. The report examines the challenges involved in implementing public health initiatives by using legal strategies to elicit change. It also discusses circumstances in which legal strategies are needed and effective. This workshop was created only to explore the boundaries of potential legal approaches to address childhood obesity, and therefore, does not contain recommendations for the use of such approaches.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13123">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=386'>Children's Health</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/C-viHXyjbGU" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13123Leveraging Food Technology for Obesity Prevention and Reduction Efforts: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13153#final2011-07-27T08:45:01-04:002011-07-27T08:45:11-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>Obesity is a major public health challenge. More than one-third of the U.S. adult population is considered obese, a figure that has more than doubled since the mid-1970s. Among children, obesity rates have more than tripled over the same period. Not only is obesity associated with numerous medical complications, but it incurs significant economic cost. At its simplest, obesity is a result of an energy imbalance, with obese (and overweight) people consuming more energy (calories) than they are expending.<br /> <br /> During the last 10-20 years, behavioral scientists have made significant progress toward building an evidence base for understanding what drives energy imbalance in overweight and obese individuals. Meanwhile, food scientists have been tapping into this growing evidence base to improve existing technologies and create new technologies that can be applied to alter the food supply in ways that reduce the obesity burden on the American population.<em> Leveraging Food Technology for Obesity Prevention and Reduction Effort </em>examines the complexity of human eating behavior and explores ways in which the food industry can continue to leverage modern food processing technologies to influence energy intake. The report also examines the opportunities and challenges of altering the food supply--both at home and outside the home--and outlines lessons learned, best practices, and next steps.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13153">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/SuHiNkNwgx4" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13153Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury: Improving Acute and Subacute Health Outcomes in Military Personneltag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13121#final2011-06-01T00:00:00-04:002011-06-03T12:17:52-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for up to one-third of combat-related injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to some estimates. TBI is also a major problem among civilians, especially those who engage in certain sports. At the request of the Department of Defense, the IOM examined the potential role of nutrition in the treatment of and resilience against TBI.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13121">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=396'>Military and Veterans</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/8zyKx5xBUG4" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13121Hunger and Obesity: Understanding a Food Insecurity Paradigm: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13102#final2011-05-26T00:00:00-04:002011-05-27T15:56:12-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>At some point during 2009, more than 17 million households in the United States had difficulty providing enough food for all their members because of a lack of resources. In more than one-third of these households, the food intake of some household members was reduced and normal eating patterns were disrupted due to limited resources. The Workshop on Understanding the Relationship Between Food Insecurity and Obesity was held to explore the biological, economic, psychosocial, and other factors that may influence the relationship between food insecurity, overweight, and obesity in the United States. <br /> <br /> <em>Hunger and Obesity</em> examines current concepts and research findings in the field. The report identifies information gaps, proposes alternative approaches to analyzing data, recommends new data that should be collected, and addresses the limitations of the available research. <br /> </p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13102">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/uaVD1VZxaT4" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13102A Risk-Characterization Framework for Decision-Making at the Food and Drug Administrationtag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13156#final2011-05-26T00:00:00-04:002011-06-01T10:06:11-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>With the responsibility to ensure the safety of food, drugs, and other products, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) faces decisions that may have public-health consequences every day. Often the decisions must be made quickly and on the basis of incomplete information. FDA recognized that collecting and evaluating information on the risks posed by the regulated products in a systematic manner would aid in its decision-making process. Consequently, FDA and the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) asked the National Research Council (NRC) to develop a conceptual model that could evaluate products or product categories that FDA regulates and provide information on the potential health consequences associated with them.<br /> <br /> <em>A Risk-Characterization Framework for Decision-Making at the Food and Drug Administration</em> describes the proposed risk-characterization framework that can be used to evaluate, compare, and communicate the public-health consequences of decisions concerning a wide variety of products. The framework presented in this report is intended to complement other risk-based approaches that are in use and under development at FDA, not replace them. It provides a common language for describing potential public-health consequences of decisions, is designed to have wide applicability among all FDA centers, and draws extensively on the well-vetted risk literature to define the relevant health dimensions for decision-making at the FDA. The report illustrates the use of that framework with several case studies, and provides conclusions and recommendations.<br /> <br /> </p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13156">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/l2Ge_mcJyBc" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13156Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirementstag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11537#final2011-05-19T13:24:18-04:002011-05-19T13:26:32-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Widely regarded as the classic reference work for the nutrition, dietetic, and allied health professions since its introduction in 1943, Recommended Dietary Allowances has been the accepted source in nutrient allowances for healthy people. Responding to the expansion of scientific knowledge about the roles of nutrients in human health, the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, in partnership with Health Canada, has updated what used to be known as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and renamed their new approach to these guidelines Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Since 1998, the Institute of Medicine has issued eight exhaustive volumes of DRIs that offer quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets applicable to healthy individuals in the United States and Canada. Now, for the first time, all eight volumes are summarized in one easy-to-use reference volume,<i> Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Reference for Dietary Planning and Assessment</i>. Organized by nutrient for ready use, this popular reference volume reviews the function of each nutrient in the human body, food sources, usual dietary intakes, and effects of deficiencies and excessive intakes. For each nutrient of food component, information includes: <li> Estimated average requirement and its standard deviation by age and gender. <li>Recommended dietary allowance, based on the estimated average requirement and deviation. <li> Adequate intake level, where a recommended dietary allowance cannot be based on an estimated average requirement. <li> Tolerable upper intake levels above which risk of toxicity would increase. Along with dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, this book presents recommendations for health maintenance and the reduction of chronic disease risk. Also included is a Summary Table of Dietary Reference Intakes, an updated practical summary of the recommendations. In addition, <i>Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Reference for Dietary Planning and Assessment</i> provides information about: <li> Guiding principles for nutrition labeling and fortification <li>Applications in dietary planning <li>Proposed definition of dietary fiber <li> A risk assessment model for establishing upper intake levels for nutrients <li>Proposed definition and plan for review of dietary antioxidants and related compounds <p> Dietitians, community nutritionists, nutrition educators, nutritionists working in government agencies, and nutrition students at the postsecondary level, as well as other health professionals, will find <i>Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Reference for Dietary Planning </i>and Assessment an invaluable resource. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11537">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/qu4pjprG-sk" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11537Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for Alltag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12959#final2011-05-06T00:00:00-04:002011-06-22T12:50:33-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) is a federally-funded program designed to provide healthy meals and snacks to children and adults while receiving day care at participating family day care homes, traditional child care centers, afterschool facilities, adult care facilities, and emergency shelters. CACFP has the broadest scope of any of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) food program, serving more than 3 million children and 114,000 adults across the nation. To receive reimbursement for the foods served, participating programs must abide by requirements set by the USDA. <br /> <br /> <em>Child and Adult Care Food Program</em> assesses the nutritional needs of the CACFP population based on <em>Dietary Guidelines for Americans</em> and the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) and makes recommendations for revisions to the CACFP meal requirements. The book outlines meal requirements that include food specifications that could be used for specific meals and across a full day, covering all age groups from infants to older adults and meal patterns designed for use in a variety of settings, including in-home care and in large centers. By implementing these meal requirements, consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain rich foods will increase while consumption of solid fats, added sugars, and sodium will decrease. Not only will this address the high prevalence of childhood obesity, it will also help to achieve consistency with the standards and regulations of other USDA nutrition assistance programs, particularly the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and the National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs. <br /> <br /> <em>Child and Adult Care Food Program</em> makes practical recommendations that would bring CACFP meals and snacks into alignment with current dietary guidance. The book will serve as a vital resource for federal and state public health officials, care providers working in child and adult day care facilities, WIC agencies, officials working with the National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs, and other organizations serving at-risk populations.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12959">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=386'>Children's Health</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/s02GY5zLv8U" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12959Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin Dtag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13050#final2011-03-30T00:00:00-04:002011-05-27T18:21:39-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>Calcium and vitamin D are essential nutrients for the human body. Establishing the levels of these nutrients that are needed by the North American population is based on the understanding of the health outcomes that calcium and vitamin D affect. It is also important to establish how much of each nutrient may be "too much."</p> <p><em>Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D</em> provides reference intake values for these two nutrients. The report updates the DRI values defined in <em>Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride</em>, the 1997 study from the Institute of Medicine. This 2011 book provides background information on the biological functions of each nutrient, reviews health outcomes that are associated with the intake of calcium and vitamin D, and specifies Estimated Average Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for both. It also identifies Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, which are levels above wish the risk for harm may increase. The book includes an overview of current dietary intake in the U.S. and Canada, and discusses implications of the study. A final chapter provides research recommendations.</p> <p>The DRIs established in this book incorporate current scientific evidence about the roles of vitamin D and calcium in human health and will serve as a valuable guide for a range of stakeholders including dietitians and other health professionals, those who set national nutrition policy, researchers, the food industry, and private and public health organizations and partnerships. <br /> </p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13050">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=387'>Diseases - Cancer</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/4zUig5oAUzc" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13050Planning a WIC Research Agenda: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13014#final2011-01-07T00:00:00-05:002011-01-07T16:56:59-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>The time has come to initiate a new program of research on the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (commonly referred to as WIC). WIC is the third largest food assistance program administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The program's scope is large, serving approximately 9.3 million low-income women, infants, and children at nutritional risk. Through federal grants to states, participants receive three types of benefits: 1) a supplemental food package tailored to specific age groups for infants and children; 2) nutrition education, including breastfeeding support; and 3) referrals to health services and social services. To cover program costs for fiscal year (FY) 2010, Congress appropriated $7.252 billion. Congress also appropriated $15 million for research related to the program for FY 2010. <br /> <br /> The timing of the funding for WIC research is propitious. In October 2009, USDA issued regulations that made substantial revisions to the WIC food package. These revisions are the first major change in the food package since the program's inception in 1972. Over the intervening years WIC has expanded greatly, Medicaid coverage has increased, large changes have occurred in the racial and ethnic backgrounds and socioeconomic status of WIC participants as well as in public health services, and obesity rates have increased substantially among the general population. <br /> <br /> To guide its planning for the use of the $15 million allocated for WIC research, the Food and Nutrition Service of USDA asked the Institute of Medicine to conduct a two-day public workshop on emerging research needs for WIC. As requested, the workshop included presentations and discussions to illuminate issues related to future WIC research issues, methodological challenges, and solutions. The workshop also planned for a program of research to determine the effects of WIC on maternal and child health outcomes.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13014">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/bv_yDVK7CR8" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13014Examination of Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols: Phase I Reporttag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12957#final2010-12-21T00:00:00-05:002010-12-29T13:16:29-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>The federal government requires that most packaged foods carry a standardized label--the Nutrition Facts panel--that provides nutrition information intended to help consumers make healthful choices. In recent years, manufacturers have begun to include additional nutrition messages on their food packages. These messages are commonly referred to as 'front-of-package' (FOP) labeling. As FOP labeling has multiplied, it has become easy for consumers to be confused about critical nutrition information. In considering how FOP labeling should be used as a nutrition education tool in the future, Congress directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to undertake a two-phase study with the IOM on FOP nutrition rating systems and nutrition-related symbols. The Food and Drug Administration is also a sponsor. <br /> <br /> In Phase 1 of its study, the IOM reviewed current systems and examined the strength and limitations of the nutrition criteria that underlie them. The IOM concludes that it would be useful for FOP labeling to display calorie information and serving sizes in familiar household measures. In addition, as FOP systems may have the greatest benefit if the nutrients displayed are limited to those most closely related to prominent health conditions, FOP labeling should provide information on saturated fats, trans fats, and sodium.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12957">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/2TdyopbgRQs" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12957Antibiotic Resistance: Implications for Global Health and Novel Intervention Strategies: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12925#final2010-12-10T00:00:00-05:002010-12-14T09:45:51-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>Years of using, misusing, and overusing antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant 'superbugs.' The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats held a public workshop April 6-7 to discuss the nature and sources of drug-resistant pathogens, the implications for global health, and the strategies to lessen the current and future impact of these superbugs.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12925">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=388'>Diseases - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=399'>Public Health and Prevention</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/l7IhDNrcUjk" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12925An Evaluation of the Food Safety Requirements of the Federal Purchase Ground Beef Programtag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13069#final2010-12-09T10:45:01-05:002010-12-10T12:00:27-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>To ensure the safety of food distributed through the National School Lunch Program, food banks, and other federal food and nutrition programs, the United States Department of Agriculture has established food safety and quality requirements for the ground beef it purchases. This National Research Council book reviews the scientific basis of the Department's ground beef safety standards, evaluates how the standards compare to those used by large retail and commercial food service purchasers of ground beef, and looks at ways to establish periodic evaluations of the Federal Purchase Ground Beef Program. The book finds that although the safety requirements could be strengthened using scientific concepts, the prevention of future outbreaks of foodborne disease will depend on eliminating contamination during production and ensuring meat is properly cooked before it is served.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13069">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/GhFh4c0V650" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13069Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention: A Framework to Inform Decision Makingtag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12847#final2010-11-24T00:00:00-05:002010-11-30T09:31:15-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>To battle the obesity epidemic in America, health care professionals and policymakers need relevant, useful data on the effectiveness of obesity prevention policies and programs. <em>Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention</em> identifies a new approach to decision making and research on obesity prevention to use a systems perspective to gain a broader understanding of the context of obesity and the many factors that influence it.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12847">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=399'>Public Health and Prevention</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/Y93FREvL1mw" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12847Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administrationtag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12892#final2010-11-04T00:00:00-04:002010-11-05T12:01:53-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>Recent outbreaks of illnesses traced to contaminated sprouts and lettuce illustrate the holes that exist in the system for monitoring problems and preventing foodborne diseases. Although it is not solely responsible for ensuring the safety of the nation's food supply, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees monitoring and intervention for 80 percent of the food supply. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's abilities to discover potential threats to food safety and prevent outbreaks of foodborne illness are hampered by impediments to efficient use of its limited resources and a piecemeal approach to gathering and using information on risks. <em>Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration</em>, a new book from the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council, responds to a congressional request for recommendations on how to close gaps in FDA's food safety systems.</p> <p><em>Enhancing Food Safety </em>begins with a brief review of the Food Protection Plan (FPP), FDA's food safety philosophy developed in 2007. The lack of sufficient detail and specific strategies in the FPP renders it ineffectual. The book stresses the need for FPP to evolve and be supported by the type of strategic planning described in these pages. It also explores the development and implementation of a stronger, more effective food safety system built on a risk-based approach to food safety management. Conclusions and recommendations include adopting a risk-based decision-making approach to food safety; creating a data surveillance and research infrastructure; integrating federal, state, and local government food safety programs; enhancing efficiency of inspections; and more.</p> <p>Although food safety is the responsibility of everyone, from producers to consumers, the FDA and other regulatory agencies have an essential role. In many instances, the FDA must carry out this responsibility against a backdrop of multiple stakeholder interests, inadequate resources, and competing priorities. Of interest to the food production industry, consumer advocacy groups, health care professionals, and others, <em>Enhancing Food Safety </em>provides the FDA and Congress with a course of action that will enable the agency to become more efficient and effective in carrying out its food safety mission in a rapidly changing world.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12892">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=393'>Medical Technologies and Treatments</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/39mVdMFroXc" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12892Providing Healthy and Safe Foods As We Age: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12967#final2010-11-03T08:45:01-04:002010-11-03T08:45:14-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>Does a longer life mean a healthier life? The number of adults over 65 in the United States is growing, but many may not be aware that they are at greater risk from foodborne diseases and their nutritional needs change as they age. The IOM's Food Forum held a workshop October 29-30, 2009, to discuss food safety and nutrition concerns for older adults.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12967">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=385'>Aging</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/6L--JLzaO7s" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12967Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United Statestag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12818#final2010-10-14T00:00:00-04:002010-10-15T12:38:10-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>Reducing the intake of sodium is an important public health goal for Americans. Since the 1970s, an array of public health interventions and national dietary guidelines has sought to reduce sodium intake. However, the U.S. population still consumes more sodium than is recommended, placing individuals at risk for diseases related to elevated blood pressure.<br /> <br /> <i>Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States</i> evaluates and makes recommendations about strategies that could be implemented to reduce dietary sodium intake to levels recommended by the <i>Dietary Guidelines for Americans</i>. The book reviews past and ongoing efforts to reduce the sodium content of the food supply and to motivate consumers to change behavior. Based on past lessons learned, the book makes recommendations for future initiatives. It is an excellent resource for federal and state public health officials, the processed food and food service industries, health care professionals, consumer advocacy groups, and academic researchers.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12818">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/2UhpCMz7zwE" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12818Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelinestag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12584#final2010-10-04T10:58:51-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>As women of childbearing age have become heavier, the trade-off between maternal and child health created by variation in gestational weight gain has become more difficult to reconcile.<em> Weight Gain During Pregnancy </em>responds to the need for a reexamination of the 1990 Institute of Medicine guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy. It builds on the conceptual framework that underscored the 1990 weight gain guidelines and addresses the need to update them through a comprehensive review of the literature and independent analyses of existing databases. The book explores relationships between weight gain during pregnancy and a variety of factors (e.g., the mother's weight and height before pregnancy) and places this in the context of the health of the infant and the mother, presenting specific, updated target ranges for weight gain during pregnancy and guidelines for proper measurement. New features of this book include a specific range of recommended gain for obese women.<br /> <br /> <em>Weight Gain During Pregnancy</em> is intended to assist practitioners who care for women of childbearing age, policy makers, educators, researchers, and the pregnant women themselves to understand the role of gestational weight gain and to provide them with the tools needed to promote optimal pregnancy outcomes.<br /> </p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12584">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=401'>Women's Health</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Diet and Health</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/zsFfA8Kkaa0" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12584Dietary Reference Intakes: Guiding Principles for Nutrition Labeling and Fortificationtag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10872#final2010-10-04T10:58:51-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Since 1997, the Institute of Medicine has issued a series of nutrient reference values that are collectively termed Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). The DRIs offer quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets. Using the information from these reports, this newest volume in the DRI series focuses on how the DRIs, and the science for each nutrient in the DRI reports, can be used to develop current and appropriate reference values for nutrition labeling and food fortification. <P> Focusing its analysis on the existing DRIs, the book examines the purpose of nutrition labeling, current labeling practices in the United States and Canada, food fortification practices and policies, and offers recommendations as a series of guiding principles to assist the regulatory agencies that oversee food labeling and fortification in the United States and Canada. The overarching goal of the information in this book is to provide updated nutrition labeling that consumers can use to compare products and make informed food choices. Diet-related chronic diseases are a leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States and Canada and helping customers make healthy food choices has never been more important. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10872">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/Z9E8sjcq_LY" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10872Perspectives from United Kingdom and United States Policy Makers on Obesity Prevention: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12861#final2010-09-13T00:00:00-04:002010-09-14T16:45:02-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
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<p>Both the United Kingdom and the United States are grappling with nationwide epidemics of obesity. Obesity contributes to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers, among other diseases. Although many people are aware of obesity's causes and consequences, few see it as a problem for their own families--despite clinical evidence to the contrary. Given this disconnect between perception and reality, policy makers in both countries struggle to find a way to reach people to encourage change.<br /> <br /> The IOM brought together policy makers from the U.K. and U.S. for a workshop on October 22, 2009, to discuss the challenges of and promising approaches to the struggle against obesity. Presenters spoke about current policies, programs, and partnerships that are addressing the obesity epidemic and evidence for effective strategies to change perception and behaviors. The workshop, summarized in this document, provided an opportunity for both countries to learn from each other's efforts and to consider how to apply new strategies at home.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12861">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=399'>Public Health and Prevention</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/3AsBuiKi4s8" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12861Developing and Evaluating Methods for Using American Community Survey Data to Support the School Meals Program: Interim Reporttag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12917#final2010-09-10T00:00:00-04:002010-09-14T11:02:41-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
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<p>The National School Lunch Program and the School Breakfast Program, administered by the Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), are key components of the nation's food security safety net, providing free or low-cost meals to millions of school-age children each day. <br /> <br /> Under the most commonly adopted provisions, USDA reimburses districts for meals served on the basis of data collected in a "base year," during which applications are taken. After 3 or 4 years, applications must be taken again to establish new base-year data, unless the district provides evidence that local conditions have not changed. <br /> <br /> A special provision that does not require applications to be taken every few years would reduce burden, be more attractive to school districts, and potentially increase student participation by expanding access to free meals. To support the development of such a provision, the Food and Nutrition Service asked the National Academies to study the technical and operational issues that arise in using data from the American Community Survey (ACS)--a new continuous survey replacing the long-form survey of the decennial census--to obtain estimates of students who are eligible for free and reduced-price meals for schools and school districts. Such estimates would be used to develop "claiming percentages" that, if sufficiently accurate, would determine federal reimbursements to districts for the schools that provide free meals to all students under a new special provision that eliminates the base-year requirements of current provisions.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12917">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=277'>Behavioral and Social Sciences</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=303'>Children, Youth and Families</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/VWpRI_1xXTA" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12917Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12698#final2010-03-10T00:00:00-05:002009-12-01T08:45:02-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>In 2007 and 2008, the world witnessed a dramatic increase in food prices. The global financial crisis that began in 2008 compounded the burden of high food prices, exacerbating the problems of hunger and malnutrition in developing countries. The tandem food price and economic crises struck amidst the massive, chronic problem of hunger and undernutrition in developing countries. National governments and international actors have taken a variety of steps to mitigate the negative effects of increased food prices on particular groups. The recent abrupt increase in food prices, in tandem with the current global economic crisis, threatens progress already made in these areas, and could inhibit future efforts. <br /> <br /> The Institute of Medicine held a workshop, summarized in this volume, to describe the dynamic technological, agricultural, and economic issues contributing to the food price increases of 2007 and 2008 and their impacts on health and nutrition in resource-poor regions. The compounding effects of the current global economic downturn on nutrition motivated additional discussions on these dual crises, their impacts on the nutritional status of vulnerable populations, and opportunities to mitigate their negative nutritional effects.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12698">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=276'>Agriculture</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=298'>Crop and Plant Production</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/unT4rUOhqDA" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12698School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Childrentag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12751#final2010-02-16T00:00:00-05:002013-06-05T13:56:47-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>Ensuring that the food provided to children in schools is consistent with current dietary recommendations is an important national focus. Various laws and regulations govern the operation of school meal programs. In 1995, Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements were put in place to ensure that all meals offered would be high in nutritional quality. <br /> <br /> <i>School Meals</i> reviews and provides recommendations to update the nutrition standard and the meal requirements for the National School Breakfast and Lunch Programs. The recommendations reflect new developments in nutrition science, increase the availability of key food groups in the school meal programs, and allow these programs to better meet the nutritional needs of children, foster healthy eating habits, and safeguard children's health.<br /> <br /> <i>School Meals</i> sets standards for menu planning that focus on food groups, calories, saturated fat, and sodium and that incorporate <i>Dietary Guidelines for Americans</i> and the Dietary Reference Intakes. This book will be used as a guide for school food authorities, food producers, policy leaders, state/local governments, and parents.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12751">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=386'>Children's Health</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/FFDoKVzRmbQ" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12751Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesitytag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12674#final2009-12-10T00:00:00-05:002009-08-31T23:45:02-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>The prevalence of childhood obesity is so high in the United States that it may reduce the life expectancy of today's generation of children. While parents and other adult caregivers play a fundamental role in teaching children about healthy behaviors, even the most positive efforts can be undermined by local environments that are poorly suited to supporting healthy behaviors. For example, many communities lack ready sources of healthy food choices, such as supermarkets and grocery stores. Or they may not provide safe places for children to walk or play. In such communities, even the most motivated child or adolescent may find it difficult to act in healthy ways. Local governments--with jurisdiction over many aspects of land use, food marketing, community planning, transportation, health and nutrition programs, and other community issues--are ideally positioned to promote behaviors that will help children and adolescents reach and maintain healthy weights.<br /> <br /> <i>Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity</i> presents a number of recommendations that touch on the vital role of government actions on all levels--federal, state, and local--in childhood obesity prevention. The book offers healthy eating and physical activity strategies for local governments to consider, making it an excellent resource for mayors, managers, commissioners, council members, county board members, and administrators.</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=386'>Children's Health</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/HURCHFo3xMk" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12674Community Perspectives on Obesity Prevention in Children: Workshop Summariestag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12705#final2009-12-01T00:00:00-05:002009-10-21T08:45:01-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>As the public health threat of childhood obesity has become clear, the issue has become the focus of local, state, and national initiatives. Many of these efforts are centered on the community environment in recognition of the role of environmental factors in individual behaviors related to food and physical activity. In many communities, for example, fresh produce is not available or affordable, streets and parks are not amenable to exercise, and policies and economic choices make fast food cheaper and more convenient than healthier alternatives. <br /> <br /> Community efforts to combat obesity vary in scope and scale; overall, however, they remain fragmented, and little is known about their effectiveness. At the local level, communities are struggling to determine which obesity prevention programs to initiate and how to evaluate their impact. <br /> <br /> In this context, the Institute of Medicine held two workshops to inform current work on obesity prevention in children through input from individuals who are actively engaged in community- and policy-based obesity prevention programs. Community perspectives were elicited on the challenges involved in undertaking policy and programmatic interventions aimed at preventing childhood obesity, and on approaches to program implementation and evaluation that have shown promise. Highlights of the workshop presentations and discussions are presented in this volume.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12705">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=386'>Children's Health</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/PgxcNDQIIKk" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12705Childhood Obesity Prevention in Texas: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12746#final2009-12-01T00:00:00-05:002009-10-21T08:45:35-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p><i>Childhood Obesity Prevention in Texas</i> summarizes the information gathered at a workshop held February 5-6, 2009, in Austin, Texas. At this workshop, committee members met with Texas lawmakers, public officials, and community leaders to exchange ideas and to view first-hand strategies that are being implemented effectively at the state and local levels to prevent and reverse childhood obesity. <br /> <br /> Texas leaders at the workshop expressed the strong belief that the state's economic vitality and security depend on the health of its population. Accordingly, the state is no longer simply describing the personal, community, and financial costs of its obesity crisis; it is taking proactive steps to address the problem through strategic initiatives. An overarching strategy is to address obesity by targeting the state's youth, in whom it may be possible to instill healthy behaviors and lifestyles to last a lifetime. A guiding principle of these efforts is that they should be evidence based, community specific, sustainable, cost-effective, and supported by effective partnerships. Moreover, the goal is for the responsibility to be broadly shared by individuals, families, communities, and the public and private sectors.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12746">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=386'>Children's Health</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/Ae8a4OnVR-c" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12746Nanotechnology in Food Products: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12633#final2009-10-29T15:49:19-04:002009-10-29T15:49:19-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>In the food industry, scientists are exploring the potential of nanotechnology to enhance the flavor and other sensory characteristics of foods, introduce antibacterial nanostructures into food packaging and encapsulate and deliver nutrients directly into targeted tissues, among other applications. <br /> <br /> However, as with any new technology, along with the benefits, there is the potential for unanticipated adverse effects. There is still a great deal to learn about any health outcomes related to introducing nanosized materials into foods and food packaging materials. Developing nanotechnology into a safe, effective tool for use in food science and technology will require addressing these and other questions. Assuring consumer confidence will be equally important to the success of this new emerging technology. <br /> <br /> The Institute of Medicine held a one-day workshop, summarized in this volume, to further explore the use of nanotechnology in food. Specifically, the workshop was organized around three primary topic areas: (1) the application of nanotechnology to food products; (2) the safety and efficacy of nanomaterials in food products; and (3) educating and informing consumers about the applications of nanotechnology to food products.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12633">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=379'>Food Science and Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/e9C6i-s6LQE" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12633Review of the Methodology Proposed by the Food Safety and Inspection Service for Followup Surveillance of In-Commerce Businesses: A Letter Reporttag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12786#final2009-10-08T10:45:33-04:002009-10-08T10:45:33-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
The National Academies issued a report on <i>initial</i> surveillance of in-commerce businesses by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). FSIS requested feedback on its proposed process for priority-setting for <i>followup</i> surveillance in cases in which initial surveillance did not lead to an investigation or enforcement action. <br><br> <i>Review of the Methodology Proposed by the Food Safety and Inspection Service for Followup Surveillance of In-Commerce Businesses</i> is the result of that request. The report reviews and comments on the assumptions, risk factors, and methodology FSIS proposes to use to prioritize followup surveillance at in-commerce business with prior surveillance history. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12786">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/_3WxtVqhlGQ" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12786The Public Health Effects of Food Deserts: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12623#final2009-06-25T07:45:01-04:002009-06-25T07:45:01-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>In the United States, people living in low-income neighborhoods frequently do not have access to affordable healthy food venues, such as supermarkets. Instead, those living in "food deserts" must rely on convenience stores and small neighborhood stores that offer few, if any, healthy food choices, such as fruits and vegetables. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and National Research Council (NRC) convened a two-day workshop on January 26-27, 2009, to provide input into a Congressionally-mandated food deserts study by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service. The workshop, summarized in this volume, provided a forum in which to discuss the public health effects of food deserts.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12623">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/bPiOuFXmwFc" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12623Managing Food Safety Practices from Farm to Table: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12594#final2009-05-14T08:45:01-04:002009-05-14T08:45:01-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>Legal regulations and manufacturers' monitoring practices have not been enough to prevent contamination of the national food supply and protect consumers from serious harm. In addressing food safety risks, regulators could perhaps better ensure the quality and safety of food by monitoring food production not just at a single point in production but all along the way, from farm to table. </p> <p>Recognizing the troubled state of food safety, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) Food Forum met in Washington, DC, on September 9, 2008, to explore the management of food safety practices from the beginning of the supply chain to the marketplace.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12594">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=276'>Agriculture</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=298'>Crop and Plant Production</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/hG4SYLBYJl0" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12594Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs: Phase I. Proposed Approach for Recommending Revisionstag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12512#final2008-12-17T10:46:15-05:002008-12-17T10:46:15-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
The National School Breakfast Program feeds 10 million children each day, and the National School Lunch Program feeds more than 30 million students. Yet the national nutrition standards and meal requirements for these meals were created more than a decade ago, making them out of step with recent guidance about children's diets. With so many children receiving as much as 50 percent of their daily caloric intake from school meals, it is vital for schools to provide nutritious food alongside the best possible education for the success of their students. At the request of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Institute of Medicine assembled a committee to recommend updates and revisions to the school lunch and breakfast programs. The first part of the committee's work is reflected in the December 2008 IOM report Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs: Phase I. Proposed Approach for Recommending Revisions. Phase II of the report is expected in Fall 2009. This first report provides information about the committee's approach as it reviews the school lunch and breakfast programs. In the report's second part, the committee will share its findings and recommendations to bring these meals more in line with today's dietary guidelines. The committee welcomes public comments about its intended approach. An open forum will be held January 28, 2009 in Washington, DC to receive input from the public. Please go to http://www.iom.edu/fnb/schoolmeals for details or email FNBSchoolMeals@nas.edu with any input. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12512">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=386'>Children's Health</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/kJon3Rr7wxQ" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12512Use of Dietary Supplements by Military Personneltag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12095#final2008-10-31T00:00:00-04:002008-06-10T08:45:02-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Dietary supplements are widely available through a rapidly expanding market of products commonly advertised as beneficial for health, performance enhancement, and disease prevention. Given the importance and frequent evaluation of physical performance and health as a criteria to join and remain in the military, the use of these products by military personnel has raised concern regarding over-all and long-term efficacy and safety. This evaluation is especially difficult, as many of these supplements contain multiple ingredients, have a changing composition over time, or are used intermittently at doses difficult to measure. This book analyzes the patterns of dietary supplement use among military personnel, examines published reviews of the scientific evidence, and identifies those dietary supplements that are beneficial and/or warrant concern due to risks to health or performance. The book also recommends a system to monitor adverse health effects and a framework to identify the need for active management of dietary supplements by military personnel. Military policy makers, personnel, and recruits will find this book useful, as will nutritionists, athletes, and others working in strenuous environments. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12095">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=326'>Military and Defense Studies</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=396'>Military and Veterans</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/T9LUw6b3pW4" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12095Foodborne Disease and Public Health: Summary of an Iranian-American Workshoptag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12094#final2008-03-25T15:45:01-04:002008-03-25T15:45:01-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>The Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board and the National Research Council's Policy and Global Affairs Division convened a workshop in Washington, D.C., entitled Foodborne Disease and Public Health: An Iranian-American Workshop. The overall goals of this workshop were to facilitate the exchange of ideas about foodborne disease and public health and to promote further collaboration among Americans and Iranians on this topic of mutual interest. Experts invited to participate in this workshop addressed a variety of topics, ranging from the surveillance of outbreaks of foodborne illness to approaches to medical training in the Iranian and U.S. educational systems. The workshop was part of a series of cooperative efforts between the United States and Iran as the two countries have collaborated in the past on similar projects relating to foodborne disease.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12094">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=399'>Public Health and Prevention</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/9bttMkSg7-4" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12094The Development of DRIs 1994-2004: Lessons Learned and New Challenges: Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12086#final2008-03-12T00:00:00-04:002007-12-20T14:17:53-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>In what ways can the process for developing Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) be enhanced? The workshop entitled "The Development of DRIs 1994-2004: Lessons Learned and New Challenges" offered a valuable window into the issues and challenges inherent in the development of nutrient reference values. The dialogue—carried out under the auspices of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), Food and Nutrition Board (hereafter referred to jointly as the IOM)—was enriched by the 10 years of experience in deriving the expanded set of values known as the DRIs, plus the decades of experience that grounded the earlier Recommended Dietary Allowances for the United States and the Recommended Nutrient Intakes for Canada. The lessons learned and the knowledge gained will guide decisions about the next phase of the DRIs. To paraphrase one participant, we are now asking better questions.</p> <div> </div> <div>In 2006, the IOM, with support from the United States and Canadian governments, undertook an effort to synthesize the research needs identified during the 10 years of DRI development. While the workshop summarized here was predicated on the fact that the development of DRIs is improved by better data, its focus was different. Its goals were to examine the framework and conceptual underpinnings for developing DRIs and to identify issues important for enhancing the process of DRI development.</div> <div> </div> <div>The workshop was designed to use the existing framework for DRI development as a basis for the discussions and to consider the components of the framework in sequence. Consideration of the pros and cons of the current conceptual underpinnings of the framework opened the workshop, followed by the general "road map" for decision making and the needed scientific criteria. Next, the challenges associated with providing guidance for users were explored. <em>The Development of DRIs 1994-2004: Lessons Learned and New Challenges: Workshop Summary</em> explains an array of issues germane to the future process for developing DRIs, including strategies for updating and revising existing DRIs and opportunities for stakeholder input.</div> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12086">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=278'>Biology and Life Sciences</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=316'>Lab Animal Research</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/YXz8z4W_lgU" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12086Nutritional Risk Assessment: Perspectives, Methods, and Data Challenges, Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11940#final2007-11-09T09:59:23-05:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>For more than two decades, the practice of risk assessment has been applied to human public health issues, and policy makers have used the results of risk assessments in their decision-making process. Approaches for risk assessment have been developed for nonnutrients such as drugs, food additives, and pesticides, but approaches for risk assessment have received less attention in the nutrition area. Some aspects of the risk assessment approach used for nonnutrients are applicable to the assessment of risks related to nutrition. The overall approach, however, must be adapted and modified to take into account the unique aspects of nutrients, including the fact that both high and low nutrient intakes are associated with risk. Experience with the application of a risk assessment process to the setting of upper levels of intake for essential nutrients, for example, has uncovered a number of challenges. Adapting and developing risk assessment strategies for application in nutrition science could lead to improved approaches to the development of dietary and nutritional recommendations and thus is a topic of considerable interest.</p> <p>One nonscientific but overall challenge to nutritional risk assessment relates to increasing and improving communication among experts from key disciplines in ways that could inform the nutritional risk assessment process. Among these key disciplines are nutrition, toxicology, dietary exposure assessment, economics, risk analysis, and epidemiology. How can the perspectives and methods of these diverse fields be brought together to develop more effective approaches for quantitative nutritional risk assessment? How can they be applied to a spectrum of topics related to food and nutrition—micronutrients, macronutrients, dietary supplements, whole foods, food groups, and dietary patterns? How can they help overcome the data challenges that confront nutritional risk assessors?</p> <p>As a step toward improving the communication and sharing methods and information across disciplines, members of the Interagency Risk Assessment Consortium, the U.S. Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, the Institute of Medicine's Food Forum, and the International Life Sciences Institute planned the Nutritional Risk Assessment Workshop. The workshop was held on February 28 and March 1, 2007, in Washington, D.C. This workshop, which was envisioned as one in a series, focused on opening a dialogue to explore the unique questions and challenges faced by nutritionists and the potential use of risk assessment methodologies to answer them. <em>Nutritional Risk Assessment : Perspectives, Methods, and Data Challenges, Workshop Summary</em> summarizes the happenings of this workshop. </p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11940">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/cEyVUJ1hNeU" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11940Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools: Leading the Way Toward Healthier Youthtag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11899#final2007-08-14T00:00:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Food choices and eating habits are learned from many sources. The school environment plays a significant role in teaching and modeling health behaviors. For some children, foods consumed at school can provide a major portion of their daily nutrient intake. Foods and beverages consumed at school can come from two major sources: (1) Federally funded programs that include the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), the School Breakfast Program (SBP), and after-school snacks and (2) competitive sources that include vending machines, "a la carte" sales in the school cafeteria, or school stores and snack bars. <p> Foods and beverages sold at school outside of the federally reimbursable school nutrition programs are referred to as competitive foods because they compete with the traditional school lunch as a nutrition source. There are important concerns about the contribution of nutrients and total calories from competitive foods to the daily diets of school-age children and adolescents. <p> <i>Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools</i> offers both reviews and recommendations about appropriate nutrition standards and guidance for the sale, content, and consumption of foods and beverages at school, with attention given to foods and beverages offered in competition with federally reimbursable meals and snacks. It is sure to be an invaluable resource to parents, federal and state government agencies, educators and schools, health care professionals, food manufacturers, industry trade groups, media, and those involved in consumer advocacy. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11899">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=386'>Children's Health</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/Mr0IyFD-xiA" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11899Seafood Choices: Balancing Benefits and Riskstag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11762#final2007-03-09T00:00:00-05:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
The fragmented information that consumers receive about the nutritional value and health risks associated with fish and shellfish can result in confusion or misperceptions about these food sources. Consumers are therefore confronted with a dilemma: they are told that seafood is good for them and should be consumed in large amounts, while at the same time the federal government and most states have issued advisories urging caution in the consumption of certain species or seafood from specific waters. <p> <i>Seafood Choices</i> carefully explores the decision-making process for selecting seafood by assessing the evidence on availability of specific nutrients (compared to other food sources) to obtain the greatest nutritional benefits. The book prioritizes the potential for adverse health effects from both naturally occurring and introduced toxicants in seafood; assesses evidence on the availability of specific nutrients in seafood compared to other food sources; determines the impact of modifying food choices to reduce intake of toxicants on nutrient intake and nutritional status within the U.S. population; develops a decision path for U.S. consumers to weigh their seafood choices to obtain nutritional benefits balanced against exposure risks; and identifies data gaps and recommendations for future research. <P> The information provided in this book will benefit food technologists, food manufacturers, nutritionists, and those involved in health professions making nutritional recommendations. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11762">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/ms4Tiv31YvI" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11762Addressing Foodborne Threats to Health: Policies, Practices, and Global Coordination, Workshop Summarytag:nap.edu,2006:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11745#final2006-09-19T08:47:13-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<p>In December 2004, at a press conference called to announce his departure as Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Tommy Thompson raised both concern and controversy when he remarked that he could not understand why the terrorists had not yet attacked our food supply "because it is so easy to do." Although to date the United States has been spared such a disaster, the many documented examples of unintentional outbreaks of foodborne disease—some of which have sickened hundreds of thousands of people, and killed hundreds—provide a grim basis for estimating the impact of deliberate food adulteration. Due to the wide variety of potential chemical and biological agents that could be introduced at many vulnerable points along the food supply continuum, contaminating food is considered an especially simple, yet effective, means to threaten large populations.<br /> <br /> To explore the nature and extent of such threats, possibilities for reducing their impact, and obstacles to this goal, the Forum on Microbial Threats of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened the workshop Foodborne Threats to Health: The Policies and Practice of Surveillance, Prevention, Outbreak Investigations, and International Coordination on October 25 and 26, 2005. Workshop participants discussed the threat spectrum and burden of disease associated with foodborne illness and the role that increasing globalization of food production and distribution plays in the transmission of foodborne disease. Participants also reviewed existing research, policies, and practices concerning foodborne threats in order to identify unmet needs, challenges, and opportunities for improving food safety systems, surveillance, and emergency response.<br /> <br /> Although this workshop summary provides an account of the individual presentations, it also reflects an important aspect of the Forum philosophy. The workshop functions as a dialogue among representatives from different sectors and presents their beliefs on which areas may merit further attention. However, the reader should be aware that the material presented here expresses the views and opinions of the individuals participating in the workshop and not the deliberations of a formally constituted IOM study committee. These proceedings summarize only what participants stated in the workshop and are not intended to be an exhaustive exploration of the subject matter or a representation of consensus evaluation.<br /> </p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11745">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/J9KARu7o8Yw" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11745Food Marketing to Children and Youth: Threat or Opportunity?tag:nap.edu,2006:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11514#final2006-04-11T00:00:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Creating an environment in which children in the United States grow up healthy should be a high priority for the nation. Yet the prevailing pattern of food and beverage marketing to children in America represents, at best, a missed opportunity, and at worst, a direct threat to the health prospects of the next generation. Children s dietary and related health patterns are shaped by the interplay of many factors their biologic affinities, their culture and values, their economic status, their physical and social environments, and their commercial media environments all of which, apart from their genetic predispositions, have undergone significant transformations during the past three decades. Among these environments, none have more rapidly assumed central socializing roles among children and youth than the media. With the growth in the variety and the penetration of the media have come a parallel growth with their use for marketing, including the marketing of food and beverage products. What impact has food and beverage marketing had on the dietary patterns and health status of American children? The answer to this question has the potential to shape a generation and is the focus of <i>Food Marketing to Children and Youth</i>. This book will be of interest to parents, federal and state government agencies, educators and schools, health care professionals, industry companies, industry trade groups, media, and those involved in community and consumer advocacy. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11514">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/dupoakO-CSU" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11514WIC Food Packages: Time for a Changetag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11280#final2005-12-28T00:00:00-05:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (the WIC program) has promoted the health of low-income families for more than 30 years by providing nutrition education, supplemental food, and other valuable services. The program reaches millions of families every year, is one of the largest nutrition programs in the United States, and is an important investment in the nation s health. The U.S. Department of Agriculture charged the Institute of Medicine with creating a committee to evaluate the WIC food packages (the list of specific foods WIC participants obtain each month). The goal of the study was to improve the quality of the diet of WIC participants while also promoting a healthy body weight that will reduce the risk of chronic diseases. The committee concluded that it is time for a change in the WIC food packages and the book provides details on the proposed new food packages, summarizes how the proposed packages differ from current packages, and discusses the rationale for the proposed packages. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11280">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/NQKESEV_4sg" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11280Nutrient Composition of Rations for Short-Term, High-Intensity Combat Operationstag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11325#final2005-12-09T00:00:00-05:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Recognizing the importance of good nutrition for physical and mental status, the Department of Defense asked the Institute of Medicine to guide the design of the nutritional composition of a ration for soldiers on short-term, high-stress missions. <i>Nutrient Composition of Rations for Short-Term, High-Intensity Combat Operations</i> considers military performance, health concerns, food intake, energy expenditure, physical exercise, and food technology issues. The success of military operations depends to a large extent on the physical and mental status of the individuals involved. Appropriate nutrition during assault missions is a continuous challenge mainly due to diminished appetites of individuals under stress. Many less controllable and unpredictable factors, such as individual preferences and climate, come into play to reduce appetite. In fact, soldiers usually consume about half of the calories needed, leaving them in a state called negative energy balance. The consequences of being in negative energy balance while under these circumstances range from weight loss to fatigue to mental impairments. An individual s physiological and nutritional status can markedly affect one s ability to maximize performance during missions and may compromise effectiveness. With the number of these missions increasing, the optimization of rations has become a high priority. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11325">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=326'>Military and Defense Studies</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/8zejBxTr_xw" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11325Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients)tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10490#final2005-10-28T00:00:00-04:002011-08-18T14:43:53-04:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Responding to the expansion of scientific knowledge about the roles of nutrients in human health, the Institute of Medicine has developed a new approach to establish Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and other nutrient reference values. The new title for these values Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), is the inclusive name being given to this new approach. These are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes applicable to healthy individuals in the United States and Canada. This new book is part of a series of books presenting dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients. It establishes recommendations for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. This book presents new approaches and findings which include the following: <li>The establishment of Estimated Energy Requirements at four levels of energy expenditure <li> Recommendations for levels of physical activity to decrease risk of chronic disease <li>The establishment of RDAs for dietary carbohydrate and protein <li> The development of the definitions of Dietary Fiber, Functional Fiber, and Total Fiber <li> The establishment of Adequate Intakes (AI) for Total Fiber <li> The establishment of AIs for linolenic and a-linolenic acids <li>Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges as a percent of energy intake for fat, carbohydrate, linolenic and a-linolenic acids, and protein <li>Research recommendations for information needed to advance understanding of macronutrient requirements and the adverse effects associated with intake of higher amounts <p> Also detailed are recommendations for both physical activity and energy expenditure to maintain health and decrease the risk of disease. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10490">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/HN-rrkYfJL8" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10490Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Foodtag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10690#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Food safety regulators face a daunting task: crafting food safety performance standards and systems that continue in the tradition of using the best available science to protect the health of the American public, while working within an increasingly antiquated and fragmented regulatory framework. Current food safety standards have been set over a period of years and under diverse circumstances, based on a host of scientific, legal, and practical constraints. <P> <I>Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food</I> lays the groundwork for creating new regulations that are consistent, reliable, and ensure the best protection for the health of American consumers. This book addresses the biggest concerns in food safety including microbial disease surveillance plans, tools for establishing food safety criteria, and issues specific to meat, dairy, poultry, seafood, and produce. It provides a candid analysis of the problems with the current system, and outlines the major components of the task at hand: creating workable, streamlined food safety standards and practices. <P> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10690">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/zCX9DxepKqE" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10690Seafood Safetytag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1612#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Can Americans continue to add more seafood to their diets without fear of illness or even death? Seafood-caused health problems are not widespread, but consumers are at risk from seafood-borne microbes and toxins--with consequences that can range from mild enteritis to fatal illness.<br>At a time when legislators and consumer groups are seeking a sound regulatory approach, <B>Seafood Safety</B> presents a comprehensive set of practical recommendations for ensuring the safety of the seafood supply.<br>This volume presents the first-ever overview of the field, covering seafood consumption patterns, where and how seafood contamination occurs, and the effectiveness of regulation.<br>A wealth of technical information is presented on the sources of contamination--microbes, natural toxins, and chemical pollutants--and their effects on human health. The volume evaluates methods used for risk assessment and inspection sampling.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1612">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/xLi12YBCNVI" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1612Food Labeling: Toward National Uniformitytag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2001#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 (NLEA) changed the existing regulatory framework for food labeling requirements that was shared among federal, state, and local levels of government. In addition to creating a system of mandatory nutrition labeling for foods, NLEA provided a schedule for the preemption of state and local labeling requirements that were not identical to federal provisions. Six provisions were not to be preempted until a study on the adequacy of the federal implementation of those provisions was completed.<br><B>Food Labeling</B> is the result of that study. It presents recommendations concerning the Food and Drug Administration's implementation of the six provisions that were studied, suggestions for the future disposition of relevant state and local food labeling requirements, and views on the continuing importance of the working relationship among the various levels of government in assuring that consumers are protected from misleading label information.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2001">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/4tSzrreCQ0k" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2001Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Fieldtag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=6450#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Every aspect of immune function and host defense is dependent upon a proper supply and balance of nutrients. Severe malnutrition can cause significant alteration in immune response, but even subclinical deficits may be associated with an impaired immune response, and an increased risk of infection. Infectious diseases have accounted for more off-duty days during major wars than combat wounds or nonbattle injuries. Combined stressors may reduce the normal ability of soldiers to resist pathogens, increase their susceptibility to biological warfare agents, and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines intended to protect them. There is also a concern with the inappropriate use of dietary supplements. <br><br> This book, one of a series, examines the impact of various types of stressors and the role of specific dietary nutrients in maintaining immune function of military personnel in the field. It reviews the impact of compromised nutrition status on immune function; the interaction of health, exercise, and stress (both physical and psychological) in immune function; and the role of nutritional supplements and newer biotechnology methods reported to enhance immune function. <br><br> The first part of the book contains the committee's workshop summary and evaluation of ongoing research by Army scientists on immune status in special forces troops, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The rest of the book contains papers contributed by workshop speakers, grouped under such broad topics as an introduction to what is known about immune function, the assessment of immune function, the effect of nutrition, and the relation between the many and varied stresses encountered by military personnel and their effect on health.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=6450">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=396'>Military and Veterans</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/pEn72mvQ49c" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=6450Improving America's Diet and Health: From Recommendations to Actiontag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1452#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Written and organized to be accessible to a wide range of readers, <B>Improving America's Diet and Health</B> explores how Americans can be persuaded to adopt healthier eating habits. Moving well beyond the "pamphlet and public service announcement" approach to dietary change, this volume investigates current eating patterns in this country, consumers' beliefs and attitudes about food and nutrition, the theory and practice of promoting healthy behaviors, and needs for further research.<br>The core of the volume consists of strategies and actions targeted to sectors of society--government, the private sector, the health professions, the education community--that have special responsibilities for encouraging and enabling consumers to eat better. These recommendations form the basis for three principal strategies necessary to further the implementation of dietary recommendations in the United States.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1452">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=399'>Public Health and Prevention</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/aqSNn_woMpg" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1452Exploring a Vision: Integrating Knowledge for Food and Healthtag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10936#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Leaders in agriculture and public health convened at a June 2003 workshop to discuss opportunities to integrate the goals of food production and health to better address concerns such as obesity, malnutrition, hunger, foodborne illnesses, and disease prevention. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10936">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/5wryVcme5V8" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10936Nutrition Issues in Developing Countries: Part I: Diarrheal Diseases, Part II: Diet and Activity During Pregnancy and Lactationtag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1979#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
This book considers two important international nutrition issues, provides a scientific evaluation, and proposes strategies for intervention at the community level.<br>Part I, Diarrheal Diseases, considers the dietary and nutritional factors that may affect the risk of contracting diarrheal disease and presents programmatic implications of these findings.<br>Part II, Diet and Activity During Pregnancy and Lactation, examines data on the extent to which women in the developing world are known to reduce or otherwise alter their activities and diets as a result of childbearing.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1979">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/IoE2FLrG4Zk" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1979Diet, Nutrition, and Cancertag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=371#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Based on a thorough review of the scientific evidence, this book provides the most authoritative assessment yet of the relationship between dietary and nutritional factors and the incidence of cancer. It provides interim dietary guidelines that are likely to reduce the risk of cancer as well as ensure good nutrition.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=371">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=387'>Diseases - Cancer</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/xAGssXbVtvU" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=371Iron Deficiency Anemia: Recommended Guidelines for the Prevention, Detection, and Management Among U.S. Children and Women of Childbearing Agetag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2251#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
This book summarizes information related to public health measures on the prevention, detection, and management of iron deficiency anemia. It presents draft guidelines and recommendations related to this area, as applicable in primary health care and public health clinic settings, and it formulates recommendations for research. This volume is intended both to provide a common frame of reference for health professionals in preventing and treating iron deficiency anemia and to enable the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to prepare national guidelines and recommendations for the prevention and control of iron deficiency anemia. <br><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2251">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/G9N8n37jQAg" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2251Ensuring Safe Food: From Production to Consumptiontag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=6163#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
How safe is our food supply? Each year the media report what appears to be growing concern related to illness caused by the food consumed by Americans. These food borne illnesses are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, pesticide residues, and food additives. Recent actions taken at the federal, state, and local levels in response to the increase in reported incidences of food borne illnesses point to the need to evaluate the food safety system in the United States. This book assesses the effectiveness of the current food safety system and provides recommendations on changes needed to ensure an effective science-based food safety system. <B>Ensuring Safe Food</B> discusses such important issues as:<br>What are the primary hazards associated with the food supply? What gaps exist in the current system for ensuring a safe food supply? What effects do trends in food consumption have on food safety? What is the impact of food preparation and handling practices in the home, in food services, or in production operations on the risk of food borne illnesses? What organizational changes in responsibility or oversight could be made to increase the effectiveness of the food safety system in the United States?<br>Current concerns associated with microbiological, chemical, and physical hazards in the food supply are discussed. The book also considers how changes in technology and food processing might introduce new risks. Recommendations are made on steps for developing a coordinated, unified system for food safety. The book also highlights areas that need additional study. <B>Ensuring Safe Food</B> will be important for policymakers, food trade professionals, food producers, food processors, food researchers, public health professionals, and consumers.<br><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=6163">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/5tCr9lh2rWQ" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=6163Food Aid Projections for the Decade of the 1990stag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1418#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
This book presents the results of a meeting held by the Board on Science and Technology for International Development. At this meeting, six groups of modelers presented their best estimates of the food aid/food commodity trade picture during the period 1991-2000. These estimates are based on each modeler's own database and own assumptions about trends in global policy, climate, population, and economics.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1418">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/XyjHzGHunYw" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1418Infant Formula: Evaluating the Safety of New Ingredientstag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10935#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Infant formulas are unique because they are the only source of nutrition for many infants during the first 4 to 6 months of life. They are critical to infant health since they must safely support growth and development during a period when the consequences on inadequate nutrition are most severe. Existing guidelines and regulations for evaluating the safety of conventional food ingredients (e.g., vitamins and minerals) added to infant formulas have worked well in the past; however they are not sufficient to address the diversity of potential new ingredients proposed by manufacturers to develop formulas that mimic the perceived and potential benefits of human milk. This book, prepared at the request of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health Canada, addresses the regulatory and research issues that are critical in assessing the safety of the addition of new ingredients to infants. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10935">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=386'>Children's Health</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/4yXsDSFJIaE" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10935Nutrient Adequacy: Assessment Using Food Consumption Surveystag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=618#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Just how accurately can adequate nutrient intake be measured? Do food consumption surveys really reflect the national diet? This book includes a brief history of dietary surveys, and an analysis of the basis of dietary evaluation and its relationship to recommended dietary allowances. A discussion of how usual dietary intake may be estimated from survey data, a recommended approach to dietary analysis, and an application of the analysis method is presented. Further, an examination of the impact of technical errors, the results of confidence interval calculations, and a summary of the subcommittee's recommendations conclude the volume.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=618">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/QQ6-WczdcRM" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=618Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessmenttag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9956#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Since 1994 the Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board has been involved in developing an expanded approach to developing dietary reference standards. This approach, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), provides a set of four nutrient-based reference values designed to replace the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) in the United States and the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) in Canada. These reference values include Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). To date, several volumes in this series have been published. <br> <br> This new book, <b>Applications in Dietary Assessment</b>, provides guidance to nutrition and health research professionals on the application of the new DRIs. It represents both a "how to" manual and a "why" manual. Specific examples of both appropriate and inappropriate uses of the DRIs in assessing nutrient adequacy of groups and of individuals are provided, along with detailed statistical approaches for the methods described. In addition, a clear distinction is made between assessing individuals and assessing groups as the approaches used are quite different. <b>Applications in Dietary Assessment</b> will be an essential companion to any-or all-of the DRI volumes. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9956">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/KgN_hXwcHi0" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9956Nutrition During Pregnancy: Part I: Weight Gain, Part II: Nutrient Supplementstag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1451#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
In Part I of <B>Nutrition During Pregnancy</B>, the authors call for revisions in recommended weight gains for pregnant women. They explore relationships between weight gain during pregnancy and a variety of factors (e.g., the mother's weight for height before pregnancy) and places this in the context of the health of the infant and the mother. They present specific target ranges for weight gain during pregnancy and guidelines for proper measurement.<br>Part II addresses vitamin and mineral supplementation during pregnancy, examining the adequacy of diet in meeting nutrient needs during pregnancy and recommending specific amounts of supplements for special circumstances. It also covers the effects of caffeine, alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and cocaine use and presents specific research recommendations.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1451">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/Lua-2b4xSrY" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1451Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Cholinetag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=6015#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Since 1941, <I>Recommended Dietary Allowances</I> (RDAs) has been recognized as the most authoritative source of information on nutrient levels for healthy people. Since publication of the 10th edition in 1989, there has been rising awareness of the impact of nutrition on chronic disease. In light of new research findings and a growing public focus on nutrition and health, the expert panel responsible for formulation RDAs reviewed and expanded its approach--the result: <B>Dietary Reference Intakes</B>.<br> <br> This new series of references greatly extends the scope and application of previous nutrient guidelines. For each nutrient the book presents what is known about how the nutrient functions in the human body, what the best method is to determine its requirements, which factors (caffeine or exercise, for example) may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease.<br> <br> This volume of the series presents information about thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline.<br> <br> Based on analysis of nutrient metabolism in humans and data on intakes in the U.S. population, the committee recommends intakes for each age group--from the first days of life through childhood, sexual maturity, midlife, and the later years. Recommendations for pregnancy and lactation also are made, and the book identifies when intake of a nutrient may be too much. Representing a new paradigm for the nutrition community, <B>Dietary Reference Intakes</B> encompasses:<br> <br> <ul> <li>Estimated Average Requirements (EARs). These are used to set Recommended Dietary Allowances.<br> <li>Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Intakes that meet the RDA are likely to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all individuals in a life-stage and gender group.<br> <li>Adequate Intakes (AIs). These are used instead of RDAs when an EAR cannot be calculated. Both the RDA and the AI may be used as goals for individual intake.<br> <li>Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). Intakes below the UL are unlikely to pose risks of adverse health effects in healthy people.<br></ul> This new framework encompasses both essential nutrients and other food components thought to pay a role in health, such as dietary fiber. It incorporates functional endpoints and examines the relationship between dose and response in determining adequacy and the hazards of excess intake for each nutrient.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=6015">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=278'>Biology and Life Sciences</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=316'>Lab Animal Research</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/BM3uiOH4DJ0" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=6015Applications of Biotechnology in Traditional Fermented Foodstag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1939#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
In developing countries, traditional fermentation serves many purposes. It can improve the taste of an otherwise bland food, enhance the digestibility of a food that is difficult to assimilate, preserve food from degradation by noxious organisms, and increase nutritional value through the synthesis of essential amino acids and vitamins.<br>Although "fermented food" has a vaguely distasteful ring, bread, wine, cheese, and yogurt are all familiar fermented foods. Less familiar are gari, ogi, idli, ugba, and other relatively unstudied but important foods in some African and Asian countries. This book reports on current research to improve the safety and nutrition of these foods through an elucidation of the microorganisms and mechanisms involved in their production. Also included are recommendations for needed research.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1939">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=379'>Food Science and Technology</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/khowhlnpgkU" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1939Dietary Supplements: A Framework for Evaluating Safetytag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10882#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<P>The growing consumer interest in health and fitness has expanded the market for a wide range of products, from yoga mats to the multiple dietary supplements now on the market. Supplements are popular, but are they safe? Many dietary supplements are probably safe when used as recommended. However, since 1994 when Congress decided that they should be regulated as if they were foods, they are assumed to be safe unless the Food and Drug Administration can demonstrate that they pose a significant risk to the consumer. But there are many types of products that qualify as dietary supplements, and the distinctions can become muddled and vague. Manufacturers are not legally required to provide specific information about safety before marketing their products. And the sales of supplements have been steadily increasing all together, the various types now bring in almost $16 billion per year. Given these confounding factors, what kind of information can the Food and Drug Administration use to effectively regulate dietary supplements? This book provides a framework for evaluating dietary supplement safety and protecting the health of consumers.</P> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10882">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=326'>Military and Defense Studies</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/us8olPtwTSU" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10882Regulating Pesticides in Food: The Delaney Paradoxtag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1013#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Concern about health effects from exposure to pesticides in foods is growing as scientists learn more about the toxic properties of pesticides. The Delaney Clause, a provision of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, prohibits tolerances for any pesticide that causes cancer in test animals or in humans if the pesticide concentrates in processed food or feeds. This volume examines the impacts of the Delaney Clause on agricultural innovation and on the public's dietary exposure to potentially carcinogenic pesticide residues. Four regulatory scenarios are described to illustrate the effects of varying approaches to managing oncogenic pesticide residues in food.<br> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/qr6p03yZew0" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1013Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 2001tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9825#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions.<BR> <BR> The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. <br> <br>The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9825">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=276'>Agriculture</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=296'>Animal Health and Nutrition</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/cUnNH458a3s" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9825Eat for Life: The Food and Nutrition Board's Guide to Reducing Your Risk of Chronic Diseasetag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1365#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
This friendly, easy-to-read guide presents the National Research Council's nine-point dietary plan to reduce the risk of diet-related chronic disease. A "how-to" section provides tips on shopping (how to read food labels), cooking (how to turn a high-fat dish into a low-fat one), and eating out (how to read a menu with nutrition in mind).<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1365">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/ulAyTZyvv6w" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1365Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoridetag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5776#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Since 1941, <I>Recommended Dietary Allowances</I> (RDAs) has been recognized as the most authoritative source of information on nutrient levels for healthy people. Since publication of the 10th edition in 1989, there has been rising awareness of the impact of nutrition on chronic disease. In light of new research findings and a growing public focus on nutrition and health, the expert panel responsible for formulation RDAs reviewed and expanded its approach--the result: <B>Dietary Reference Intakes</B>.<br> <br> This new series of references greatly extends the scope and application of previous nutrient guidelines. For each nutrient the book presents what is known about how the nutrient functions in the human body, what the best method is to determine its requirements, which factors (caffeine or exercise, for example) may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease.<br> <br> The first volume of <B>Dietary Reference Intakes</B> includes calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. The second book in the series presents information about thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline.<br> <br> Based on analysis of nutrient metabolism in humans and data on intakes in the U.S. population, the committee recommends intakes for each age group--from the first days of life through childhood, sexual maturity, midlife, and the later years. Recommendations for pregnancy and lactation also are made, and the book identifies when intake of a nutrient may be too much. Representing a new paradigm for the nutrition community, <B>Dietary Reference Intakes</B> encompasses:<br> <br> <ul> <li>Estimated Average Requirements (EARs). These are used to set Recommended Dietary Allowances.<br> <li>Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Intakes that meet the RDA are likely to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all individuals in a life-stage and gender group.<br> <li>Adequate Intakes (AIs). These are used instead of RDAs when an EAR cannot be calculated. Both the RDA and the AI may be used as goals for individual intake.<br> <li>Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). Intakes below the UL are unlikely to pose risks of adverse health effects in healthy people.<br></ul> This new framework encompasses both essential nutrients and other food components thought to pay a role in health, such as dietary fiber. It incorporates functional endpoints and examines the relationship between dose and response in determining adequacy and the hazards of excess intake for each nutrient.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5776">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/vtHFoqiQMko" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5776Food and Drug Administration Advisory Committeestag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2073#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Like many other agencies of the federal government, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) relies extensively on external advisory committees for independent scientific and technical advice.<br>Recognizing that the existing advisory committee system is essentially sound, this volume recommends ways of enhancing the use of these committees in the evaluation of drugs, biological materials, and medical devices; strengthening the agency's management of the system; and increasing the accountability of the system to the public.<br>In doing so, it examines and makes recommendations on such issues as the recruitment of committee members, the FDA's management of financial conflict of interest and intellectual bias among members, and the operations and management of the advisory committee system.<br><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2073">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/RnLzKPCaFlk" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2073Food Components to Enhance Performance: An Evaluation of Potential Performance-Enhancing Food Components for Operational Rationstag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4563#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
The physiological or psychological stresses that employees bring to their workplace affect not only their own performance but that of their co-workers and others. These stresses are often compounded by those of the job itself. Medical personnel, firefighters, police, and military personnel in combat settings--among others--experience highly unpredictable timing and types of stressors.<br>This book reviews and comments on the performance-enhancing potential of specific food components. It reflects the views of military and non-military scientists from such fields as neuroscience, nutrition, physiology, various medical specialties, and performance psychology on the most up-to-date research available on physical and mental performance enhancement in stressful conditions. Although placed within the context of military tasks, the volume will have wide-reaching implications for individuals in any job setting.<br><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4563">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/--0TNpQPT4o" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4563Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinctag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10026#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. <br> <br> Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also: <br> <br><ul> <li> Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds. <li> Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role. <li>Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups. <li> Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health.</ul><br> <br> This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10026">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/b8tZG7QAoN0" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10026Prevention of Micronutrient Deficiencies: Tools for Policymakers and Public Health Workerstag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5962#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Micronutrient malnutrition affects approximately 2 billion people worldwide. The adverse effects of micronutrient deficiencies are profound and include premature death, poor health, blindness, growth stunting, mental retardation, learning disabilities, and low work capacity. <B>Preventing Micronutrient Deficiencies</B> provides a conceptual framework based on past experience that will allow funders to tailor programs to existing regional/country capabilities and to incorporate within these programs the capacity to address multiple strategies (i.e., supplementation/fortification/food-based approaches/public health measures) and multiple micronutrient deficiencies.<br>The book does not offer recommendations on how to alleviate specific micronutrient deficiencies--such recommendations are already available through the publications of diverse organizations, including the U.S. Agency for International Development, the Micronutrient Initiative, World Bank, United Nations Childrens' Fund, and the World Health Organization. Instead, this volume examines key elements in the design and implementation of micronutrient interventions, including such issues as:<br>The importance of iron, vitamin A, and iodine to health. Populations at risk for micronutrient deficiency. Options for successful interventions and their cost. The feasibility of involving societal sectors in the planning and implementation of interventions. Characteristics of successful interventions.<br>The book also contains three in-depth background papers that address the prevention of deficiencies of iron, vitamin A, and iodine.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5962">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Diet and Health</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/nz1tPzrpQXY" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5962Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research: Potential for Assessing Military Performance Capabilitytag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5827#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
The latest of a series of publications based on workshops sponsored by the Committee on Military Nutrition Research, this book's focus on emerging technologies for nutrition research arose from a concern among scientists at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine that traditional nutrition research, using standard techniques, centered more on complex issues of the maintenance or enhancement of performance, and might not be sufficiently substantive either to measure changes in performance or to predict the effects on performance of stresses soldiers commonly experience in operational environments. The committee's task was to identify and evaluate new technologies to determine whether they could help resolve important issues in military nutrition research. The book contains the committee's summary and recommendations as well as individually authored chapters based on presentations at a 1995 workshop. Other chapters cover techniques of body composition assessment, tracer techniques for the study of metabolism, ambulatory techniques for the determination of energy expenditure, molecular and cellular approaches to nutrition, the assessment of immune function, and functional and behavioral measures of nutritional status.<br><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5827">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=396'>Military and Veterans</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/bJfBUCd4jQI" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5827Nutrition Labeling: Issues and Directions for the 1990stag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1576#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<B>Nutrition Labeling</B> offers a thorough examination of current nutrition labeling practices and recommends ways to make food labeling information consistent with recent dietary recommendations from the U.S. Surgeon General and the National Research Council.<br>The volume proposes implementing a food labeling reform program, addressing such key issues as requiring mandatory nutrition labeling on most packaged foods, expanding nutrition labeling to foods that do not currently provide this information, making federal requirements uniform between agencies, and updating the nutrient content and format of food labels.<br><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1576">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/U55XT9bXcXg" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1576Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operationstag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10219#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
This report from the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviews the history of caffeine usage, the metabolism of caffeine, and its physiological effects. The effects of caffeine on physical performance, cognitive function and alertness, and alleviation of sleep deprivation impairments are discussed in light of recent scientific literature. The impact of caffeine consumption on various aspects of health, including cardiovascular disease, reproduction, bone mineral density, and fluid homeostasis are reviewed. The behavioral effects of caffeine are also discussed, including the effect of caffeine on reaction to stress, withdrawal effects, and detrimental effects of high intakes. The amounts of caffeine found to enhance vigilance and reaction time consistently are reviewed and recommendations are made with respect to amounts of caffeine appropriate for maintaining alertness of military personnel during field operations. Recommendations are also provided on the need for appropriate labeling of caffeine-containing supplements, and education of military personnel on the use of these supplements. A brief review of some alternatives to caffeine is also provided. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10219">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=294'>Transportation</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=466'>Vehicles and Equipment</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/x0CzdgZ5MuA" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10219Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation: An Implementation Guidetag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1984#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Health care professionals can turn to this handy, practical guide for help in smoothly integrating maternal nutritional care into their practices. <B>Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation</B> provides physicians, nurses, primary care providers, and midwives with a ready-made, step-by-step program for helping new mothers. Providing background details, resource lists, and a "toolbox" of materials, this implementation guide makes nutritional care simple and straightforward.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1984">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=401'>Women's Health</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/n6Tr4dG46vQ" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1984Nutrition During Lactationtag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1577#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
On the basis of a comprehensive literature review and analysis, <B>Nutrition During Lactation</B> points out specific directions for needed research in understanding the relationship between the nutrition of healthy mothers and the outcomes of lactation. Of widest interest are the committee's clear-cut recommendations for mothers and health care providers.<br>The volume presents data on who among U.S. mothers is breastfeeding, a critical evaluation of methods for assessing the nutritional status of lactating women, and an analysis of how to relate the mother's nutrition to the volume and composition of the milk.<br>Available data on the links between a mother's nutrition and the nutrition and growth of her infant and current information on the risk of transmission through breastfeeding of allergic diseases, environmental toxins, and certain viruses (including the HIV virus) are included. <B>Nutrition During Lactation</B> also studies the effects of maternal cigarette smoking, drug use, and alcohol consumption.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1577">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=401'>Women's Health</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/Tx6nAooDiv0" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1577Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operationstag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5197#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
This book reviews the research pertaining to nutrient requirements for working in cold or in high-altitude environments and states recommendations regarding the application of this information to military operational rations. It addresses whether, aside from increased energy demands, cold or high-altitude environments elicit an increased demand or requirement for specific nutrients, and whether performance in cold or high-altitude environments can be enhanced by the provision of increased amounts of specific nutrients.<br><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5197">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=396'>Military and Veterans</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/dqDLFFafOBQ" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5197Opportunities in the Nutrition and Food Sciences: Research Challenges and the Next Generation of Investigatorstag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2133#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
Thanks to increased knowledge about nutrition, many threats to human health have been curbed. But there is much more to be learned. This new volume identifies the most promising opportunities for further progress in basic and clinical research in the biological sciences, food science and technology, and public health.<br>The committee identifies cross-cutting themes as frameworks for investigation and offers a history of nutrition and food science research with nine case studies of accomplishments.<br>The core of the volume identifies research opportunities in areas likely to provide the biggest payoffs in enhancing individual and public health. The volume highlights the importance of technology and instrumentation and covers the spectrum from the effects of neurotransmitters on food selection to the impact of federal food programs on public health. The book also explores the training of nutrition and food scientists.<br>This comprehensive resource will be indispensable to investigators, administrators, and funding decisionmakers in government and industry as well as faculty, students, and interested individuals.<br><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2133">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/Lm5rCF3lpMg" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2133Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Programtag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10342#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
<b>Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program</b> reviews methods used to determine dietary risk based on failure to meet Dietary Guidelines for applicants to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Applicants to the WIC program must be at nutritional risk to be eligible for program benefits. Although dietary risk is only one of five nutrition risk categories, it is the category most commonly reported among WIC applicants.<br><br> This book documents that nearly all low-income women in the childbearing years and children 2 years and over are at risk because their diets fail to meet the recommended numbers of servings of the food guide pyramid. The committee recommends that all women and children (ages 2-4 years) who meet the eligibility requirements based on income, categorical and residency status also be presumed to meet the requirement of nutrition risk. By presuming that all who meet the categorical and income eligibility requirements are at dietary risk, WIC retains its potential for preventing and correcting nutrition-related problems while avoiding serious misclassification errors that could lead to denial of services for eligible individuals. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10342">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=382'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/xNdnjhULhdE" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10342Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operationstag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2094#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
This volume examines the current state of knowledge concerning the influence of a hot environment on nutrient requirements of military personnel. A parallel concern is ensuring that performance does not decline as a result of inadequate nutrition.<br>The committee provides a thorough review of the literature in this area and interprets the diverse data in terms of military applications. In addition to a focus on specific nutrient needs in hot climates, the committee considers factors that might change food intake patterns and therefore overall calories. Although concern for adequate nutrition for U.S. soldiers in Saudi Arabia prompted the initiation of this project, its scope includes the nutrient needs of individuals who may be actively working in both hot-dry and hot-moist climates.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2094">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/GuAiELB1bic" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2094The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performancetag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9620#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
It is a commonly held belief that athletes, particularly body builders, have greater requirements for dietary protein than sedentary individuals. However, the evidence in support of this contention is controversial. This book is the latest in a series of publications designed to inform both civilian and military scientists and personnel about issues related to nutrition and military service. <br><br> Among the many other stressors they experience, soldiers face unique nutritional demands during combat. Of particular concern is the role that dietary protein might play in controlling muscle mass and strength, response to injury and infection, and cognitive performance. The first part of the book contains the committee's summary of the workshop, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The remainder of the book contains papers contributed by speakers at the workshop on such topics as, the effects of aging and hormones on regulation of muscle mass and function, alterations in protein metabolism due to the stress of injury or infection, the role of individual amino acids, the components of proteins, as neurotransmitters, hormones, and modulators of various physiological processes, and the efficacy and safety considerations associated with dietary supplements aimed at enhancing performance.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9620">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=276'>Agriculture</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=296'>Animal Health and Nutrition</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/LGOC3LuA4oA" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9620The Use of Drugs in Food Animals: Benefits and Riskstag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5137#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
The use of drugs in food animal production has resulted in benefits throughout the food industry; however, their use has also raised public health safety concerns.<br> <B>The Use of Drugs in Food Animals</B> provides an overview of why and how drugs are used in the major food-producing animal industries--poultry, dairy, beef, swine, and aquaculture. The volume discusses the prevalence of human pathogens in foods of animal origin. It also addresses the transfer of resistance in animal microbes to human pathogens and the resulting risk of human disease.<br> The committee offers analysis and insight into these areas<br><ul><li>Monitoring of drug residues. The book provides a brief overview of how the FDA and USDA monitor drug residues in foods of animal origin and describes quality assurance programs initiated by the poultry, dairy, beef, and swine industries.<br><li>Antibiotic resistance. The committee reports what is known about this controversial problem and its potential effect on human health.<br></ul>The volume also looks at how drug use may be minimized with new approaches in genetics, nutrition, and animal management. November<br><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5137">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=383'>Production and Safety</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=399'>Public Health and Prevention</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/Ek-sLGQZcHM" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5137Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoidstag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9810#final2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:001969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00The National Academies Presshttp://www.nap.edu
<p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p>
This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series of quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. <b>Dietary Reference Intakes</b> (DRIs) is the newest framework for an expanded approach developed by U.S. and Canadian scientists.<br> <br> This book discusses in detail the role of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and the carotenoids in human physiology and health. For each nutrient the committee presents what is known about how it functions in the human body, which factors may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease.<br> <br> <b>Dietary Reference Intakes</b> provides reference intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for different groups based on age and gender, along with a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), designed to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9810">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=380'>Nutrition - Dietary Reference Intakes</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=287'>Food and Nutrition</a> » <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=381'>Nutrition - Other</a></p><br />
<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/287/~4/uHpfL0LLPfc" height="1" width="1"/>http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9810