http://www.nap.edu/rss?topic=279 2013-06-18T20:54:09-04:00 Science books from the publishers for the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council tag:nap.edu,2013:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=14686#final 2013-05-02T10:47:59-04:00 2013-05-23T16:25:25-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Over the course of several decades, copyright protection has been expanded and extended through legislative changes occasioned by national and international developments. The content and technology industries affected by copyright and its exceptions, and in some cases balancing the two, have become increasingly important as sources of economic growth, relatively high-paying jobs, and exports. Since the expansion of digital technology in the mid-1990s, they have undergone a technological revolution that has disrupted long-established modes of creating, distributing, and using works ranging from literature and news to film and music to scientific publications and computer software.<br /> <br /> In the United States and internationally, these disruptive changes have given rise to a strident debate over copyright's proper scope and terms and means of its enforcement--a debate between those who believe the digital revolution is progressively undermining the copyright protection essential to encourage the funding, creation, and distribution of new works and those who believe that enhancements to copyright are inhibiting technological innovation and free expression.<br /> <br /> <em>Copyright in the Digital Era: Building Evidence for Policy</em> examines a range of questions regarding copyright policy by using a variety of methods, such as case studies, international and sectoral comparisons, and experiments and surveys. This report is especially critical in light of digital age developments that may, for example, change the incentive calculus for various actors in the copyright system, impact the costs of voluntary copyright transactions, pose new enforcement challenges, and change the optimal balance between copyright protection and exceptions.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=14686">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'>Engineering and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=365'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/ToLS3WDkI_U" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=14686 tag:nap.edu,2013:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13424#final 2013-03-26T00:00:00-04:00 2013-03-27T16:07:11-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Digital health data are the lifeblood of a continuous learning health system. A steady flow of reliable data is necessary to coordinate and monitor patient care, analyze and improve systems of care, conduct research to develop new products and approaches, assess the effectiveness of medical interventions, and advance population health. The totality of available health data is a crucial resource that should be considered an invaluable public asset in the pursuit of better care, improved health, and lower health care costs.</p> <p><br /> The ability to collect, share, and use digital health data is rapidly evolving. Increasing adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) is being driven by the implementation of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act, which pays hospitals and individuals incentives if they can demonstrate that they use basic EHRs in 2011. Only a third had access to the basic features necessary to leverage this information for improvement, such as the ability to view laboratory results, maintain problem lists, or manage prescription ordering.</p> <p><br /> In addition to increased data collection, more organizations are sharing digital health data. Data collected to meet federal reporting requirements or for administrative purposes are becoming more accessible. Efforts such as Health.Data.gov provide access to government datasets for the development of insights and software applications with the goal of improving health. Within the private sector, at least one pharmaceutical company is actively exploring release of some of its clinical trial data for research by others. <em>Digital Data Improvement Priorities for Continuous Learning in Health and Health Care: Workshop Summary </em>summarizes discussions at the March 2012 Institute of Medicine (2012) workshop to identify and characterize the current deficiencies in the reliability, availability, and usability of digital health data and consider strategies, priorities, and responsibilities to address such deficiencies.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13424">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=392'>Healthcare and Quality</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=393'>Medical Technologies and Treatments</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/eAd0XyOGpvg" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13424 tag:nap.edu,2013:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18260#final 2013-03-20T00:00:00-04:00 2013-04-02T08:55:06-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p><em>Collecting Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Data in Electronic Health Records: Workshop Summary</em> reviews the statement of task set to the committee which required them to collect sexual orientation and gender identity data in electronic health records. This report summarizes the invited presentations and facilitated discussions about current practices around sexual orientation and gender identity data collection, the challenges in collecting these data, and ways in which these challenges can be overcome.</p> <p>Areas of focus for the workshop include the clinical rationale behind collecting these data, standardized questions that can be used to collect these data, mechanisms for supporting providers and patients in the collection of these data, technical specifications involved in creating standards for sexual orientation and gender identity data collection and exchange, and policy considerations related to the health information technology (HIT) Meaningful Use process being overseen by the Department of Health and Human Services. This report summarizes the workshop agenda, select invited speakers and discussants, and moderate the discussions. Invited participants will include lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health care consumer advocates, providers with experience working with LGBT populations, HIT vendors and other HIT specialists, health care administrators, and policy makers.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18260">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=397'>Minority Health</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/0o8nYep2nT8" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18260 tag:nap.edu,2013:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=15853#final 2013-01-07T16:22:08-05:00 2013-01-16T10:01:20-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p> Following an earlier NRC workshop on public response to alerts and warnings delivered to mobile devices, a related workshop was held on February 28 and 29, 2012 to look at the role of social media in disaster response. This was one of the first workshops convened to look systematically at the use of social media for alerts and warnings—an event that brought together social science researchers, technologists, emergency management professionals, and other experts on how the public and emergency managers use social media in disasters.In addition to exploring how officials monitor social media, as well as the resulting privacy considerations, the workshop focused on such topics as: what is known about how the public responds to alerts and warnings; the implications of what is known about such public responses for the use of social media to provide alerts and warnings to the public; and approaches to enhancing the situational awareness of emergency managers. </p> <div><em>Public Response to Alerts and Warnings Using Social Media: Report of a Workshop on Current Knowledge and Research Gaps</em> summarizes presentations made by invited speakers, other remarks by workshop participants, and discussions during parallel breakout sessions. It also points to potential topics for future research, as well as possible areas for future research investment, and it describes some of the challenges facing disaster managers who are seeking to incorporate social media into regular practice. </div> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=15853">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=328'>Prevention, Security and Response</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/qenj6GXd6IU" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=15853 tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18258#final 2012-12-13T10:45:01-05:00 2012-12-19T16:17:52-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Digital technologies and networks are now part of everyday work in the sciences, and have enhanced access to and use of scientific data, information, and literature significantly. They offer the promise of accelerating the discovery and communication of knowledge, both within the scientific community and in the broader society, as scientific data and information are made openly available online. The focus of this project was on computer-mediated or computational scientific knowledge discovery, taken broadly as any research processes enabled by digital computing technologies. Such technologies may include data mining, information retrieval and extraction, artificial intelligence, distributed grid computing, and others. These technological capabilities support computer-mediated knowledge discovery, which some believe is a new paradigm in the conduct of research. The emphasis was primarily on digitally networked data, rather than on the scientific, technical, and medical literature. The meeting also focused mostly on the advantages of knowledge discovery in open networked environments, although some of the disadvantages were raised as well.</p> <p>The workshop brought together a set of stakeholders in this area for intensive and structured discussions. The purpose was not to make a final declaration about the directions that should be taken, but to further the examination of trends in computational knowledge discovery in the open networked environments, based on the following questions and tasks:</p> <p>1. Opportunities and Benefits: What are the opportunities over the next 5 to 10 years associated with the use of computer-mediated scientific knowledge discovery across disciplines in the open online environment? What are the potential benefits to science and society of such techniques?<br /> 2. Techniques and Methods for Development and Study of Computer-mediated Scientific Knowledge Discovery: What are the techniques and methods used in government, academia, and industry to study and understand these processes, the validity and reliability of their results, and their impact inside and outside science?<br /> 3. Barriers: What are the major scientific, technological, institutional, sociological, and policy barriers to computer-mediated scientific knowledge discovery in the open online environment within the scientific community? What needs to be known and studied about each of these barriers to help achieve the opportunities for interdisciplinary science and complex problem solving?<br /> 4. Range of Options: Based on the results obtained in response to items 1-3, define a range of options that can be used by the sponsors of the project, as well as other similar organizations, to obtain and promote a better understanding of the computer-mediated scientific knowledge discovery processes and mechanisms for openly available data and information online across the scientific domains. The objective of defining these options is to improve the activities of the sponsors (and other similar organizations) and the activities of researchers that they fund externally in this emerging research area.</p> <p><em>The Future of Scientific Knowledge Discovery in Open Networked Environments: Summary of a Workshop</em> summarizes the responses to these questions and tasks at hand.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18258">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'></a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'>Policy for Science and Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/whJRe0vdXPE" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18258 tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=17019#final 2012-12-11T12:21:06-05:00 2012-12-21T11:43:06-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The theme of this international symposium is the promotion of greater sharing of scientific data for the benefit of research and broader development, particularly in the developing world. This is an extraordinarily important topic. Indeed, I have devoted much of my own career to matters related to the concept of openness. I had the opportunity to promote and help build the open courseware program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). This program has made the teaching materials for all 2,000 subjects taught at MIT available on the Web for anyone, anywhere, to use anytime at no cost. In countries where basic broadband was not available, we shipped it in on hard drives and compact disks. Its impact has been worldwide, but it has surely had the greatest impact on the developing world. I am also a trustee of a nonprofit organization named Ithaca that operates Journal Storage (JSTOR) and other entities that make scholarly information available at very low cost.</p> <p>The culture of science has been international and open for centuries. Indeed, the scientific enterprise can only work when all information is open and accessible, because science works through critical analysis and replication of results. In recent years, as some scientific data, and especially technological data, have increased in economic value frequently has caused us to be far less open with information than business and free enterprise require us to be. Indeed, the worldwide shift to what is known as open innovation is strengthening every day.</p> <p>Finally, since the end of World War II, the realities of modern military conflict and now terrorism have led governments to restrict information through classification. This is important, but I believe that we classify far too much information. The last thing we need today, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, is further arbitrary limitations on the free flow of scientific information, whether by policies established by governments and businesses, or by lack of information infrastructure. For all these reasons, the international sharing of scientific data is one of the topics of great interest here at the National Academies and has been the subject of many of our past reports. This is the primary reason why this symposium has been co-organized by the NRC's Policy and Global Affairs Division—the Board on International Scientific Organizations (BISO) and the Board on Research Data and Information (BRDI). <em>The Case for International Sharing of Scientific Data: A Focus on Developing Countries: Proceedings of a Symposium</em> summarizes the symposium.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=17019">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'></a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'>Policy for Science and Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/Oy35o8I8Kfs" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=17019 tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13564#final 2012-11-19T10:45:01-05:00 2012-12-05T14:14:10-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The growth of electronic publishing of literature has created new challenges, such as the need for mechanisms for citing online references in ways that can assure discoverability and retrieval for many years into the future. The growth in online datasets presents related, yet more complex challenges. It depends upon the ability to reliably identify, locate, access, interpret, and verify the version, integrity, and provenance of digital datasets. Data citation standards and good practices can form the basis for increased incentives, recognition, and rewards for scientific data activities that in many cases are currently lacking in many fields of research. The rapidly-expanding universe of online digital data holds the promise of allowing peer-examination and review of conclusions or analysis based on experimental or observational data, the integration of data into new forms of scholarly publishing, and the ability for subsequent users to make new and unforeseen uses and analyses of the same data-either in isolation, or in combination with, other datasets. <br /> </p> <p>The problem of citing online data is complicated by the lack of established practices for referring to portions or subsets of data. There are a number of initiatives in different organizations, countries, and disciplines already underway. An important set of technical and policy approaches have already been launched by the U.S. National Information Standards Organization (NISO) and other standards bodies regarding persistent identifiers and online linking.</p> <p><br /> The workshop summarized in <em>For Attribution -- Developing Data Attribution and Citation Practices and Standards: Summary of an International Workshop </em>was organized by a steering committee under the National Research Council's (NRC's) Board on Research Data and Information, in collaboration with an international CODATA-ICSTI Task Group on Data Citation Standards and Practices. The purpose of the symposium was to examine a number of key issues related to data identification, attribution, citation, and linking to help coordinate activities in this area internationally, and to promote common practices and standards in the scientific community.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13564">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'>Policy for Science and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'>Policy for Science and Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/FFpJqtjQypM" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13564 tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13540#final 2012-11-07T12:45:08-05:00 2012-11-07T12:45:14-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The Workshop on the Future of Antennas was the second of three workshops conducted by the National Research Council's Committee for Science and Technology Challenges to U.S. National Security Interests. The objectives of the workshop were to review trends in advanced antenna research and design, review trends in commercials and military use of advanced antennas that enable improved communication, data transfer, soldier health monitoring, and other overt and covert methods of standoff data collection.</p> <p><br /> The first day's sessions, consisting of five presentations and discussions on antennas and wireless communications and control, were open to committee members, staff, guests, and members of the public. The second day was a data-gathering session addressing vulnerabilities, indicators, and observables; presentations and discussions during this session included classified material and were not open to the public.</p> <p><br /> The committee's role was limited to planning and convening the workshop. This report is organized by topic in the order of presentation and discussion at the workshop. For Day 1 the topics were Future of Antennas, Commercial State of the Art of Wireless Communications and Control, Military State of the Art of Wireless Communications and Control, and Future Trends in Antenna Design and Wireless Communications and Control. For Day 2 the topics were Vulnerabilities of Ubiquitous Antennas, and Indicators and Observables, followed by a wrap-up discussion. <em>Summary of a Workshop on the Future of Antennas</em> describes what happened at the workshop.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13540">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/upHc9ubPChM" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13540 tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13541#final 2012-11-07T12:45:01-05:00 2013-01-04T23:23:12-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>In 2012, the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) approached the National Research Council's TIGER standing committee and asked it to develop a list of workshop topics to explore the impact of emerging science and technology. From the list of topics given to DIA, three were chosen to be developed by the Committee for Science and Technology Challenges to U.S. National Security Interests. The first in a series of three workshops was held on April 23-24, 2012. This report summarizes that first workshop which explored the phenomenon known as big data.</p> <p><br /> The objective for the first workshop is given in the statement of task, which explains that that workshop will review emerging capabilities in large computational data to include speed, data fusion, use, and commodification of data used in decision making. The workshop will also review the subsequent increase in vulnerabilities over the capabilities gained and the significance to national security. The committee devised an agenda that helped the committee, sponsors, and workshop attendees probe issues of national security related to so-called big data, as well as gain understanding of potential related vulnerabilities. The workshop was used to gather data that is described in this report, which presents views expressed by individual workshop participants.</p> <p><br /> <em>Big Data: A Workshop Report </em>is the first in a series of three workshops, held in early 2012 to further the ongoing engagement among the National Research Council's (NRC's) Technology Insight-Gauge, Evaluate, and Review (TIGER) Standing Committee, the scientific and technical intelligence (S&TI) community, and the consumers of S&TI products.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13541">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'>Policy for Science and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=471'>Research and Data</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/Tsj4lE26sK0" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13541 tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=14671#final 2012-10-24T10:09:47-04:00 2012-10-26T15:55:16-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The committee evaluated submissions received in response to a request for proposals (RFP) for Biomolecular Simulation Time on Anton, a supercomputer specially designed and built by D.E. Shaw Research (DESRES) that allows for dramatically increased molecular dynamics simulations compared to other currently available resources. During the past 2 years, DESRES has made available to the non-commercial research community node-hours on an Anton system housed at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), based on the advice of previous National Research Council committees convened in the falls of 2010 and 2011.</p> <p>The success of the program has left DESRES to make the Anton machine housed at the PSC available for an additional 3.7 million node-hours during the 9 months following October 2012. DESRES has asked the National Research Council (NRC) to once again facilitate the allocation of time to the non-commercial research community. To undertake this task, the NRC convened a committee of experts to evaluate the proposals submitted in response to the aforementioned RFP. The committee members were selected for their expertise in molecular dynamics simulations, as well as their experience in the subject areas represented in the 52 proposals that were considered by the committee. They comprised a cross-section of the biomolecular dynamics field in academia, industry, and government, including an array of both senior and junior investigators.</p> <p>The goal of the third RFP for Biomolecular Simulation Time on Anton has been to continue to facilitate breakthrough research in the study of biomolecular systems by providing a massively parallel system specially designed for molecular dynamics simulations. These special capabilities allow multi-microsecond to millisecond simulation timescales, which previously had been unobtainable. The program seeks to continue to support research that addresses important and high-impact questions demonstrating a clear need for Anton's special capabilities.<em>Report of the Committee on Proposal Evaluation for Allocation of Supercomputing Time for the Study of Molecular Dynamics: Third Round</em> is a summary of the proposals, research, and criteria set forth in the RFP for Biomolecular Simulation Time on Anton.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=14671">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=278'>Biology and Life Sciences</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=314'>Biotechnology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/vnbSaelqKaI" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=14671 tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13472#final 2012-10-24T09:45:01-04:00 2012-11-15T17:08:46-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Computing and information and communications technology (ICT) has dramatically changed how we work and live, has had profound effects on nearly every sector of society, has transformed whole industries, and is a key component of U.S. global leadership. A fundamental driver of advances in computing and ICT has been the fact that the single-processor performance has, until recently, been steadily and dramatically increasing year over years, based on a combination of architectural techniques, semiconductor advances, and software improvements. Users, developers, and innovators were able to depend on those increases, translating that performance into numerous technological innovations and creating successive generations of ever more rich and diverse products, software services, and applications that had profound effects across all sectors of society. However, we can no longer depend on those extraordinary advances in single-processor performance continuing. This slowdown in the growth of single-processor computing performance has its roots in fundamental physics and engineering constraints--multiple technological barriers have converged to pose deep research challenges, and the consequences of this shift are deep and profound for computing and for the sectors of the economy that depend on and assume, implicitly or explicitly, ever-increasing performance. From a technology standpoint, these challenges have led to heterogeneous multicore chips and a shift to alternate innovation axes that include, but are not limited to, improving chip performance, mobile devices, and cloud services. As these technical shifts reshape the computing industry, with global consequences, the United States must be prepared to exploit new opportunities and to deal with technical challenges. <em>The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security</em> outlines the technical challenges, describe the global research landscape, and explore implications for competition and national security.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13472">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=289'>Industry and Labor</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=304'>Economics</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/4JUBBbXVP_o" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13472 tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13476#final 2012-09-27T15:45:01-04:00 2012-09-27T15:45:12-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Federal laws, regulations, and executive orders have imposed requirements for federal agencies to move toward the sustainable acquisition of goods and services, including the incorporation of sustainable purchasing into federal agency decision making. Since the federal government is such a significant player in the market, its move to incorporate sustainable procurement practices could have a profound impact on the types of products being developed for the market as a whole.</p> <p>The General Services Administration (GSA) has played a key role in furthering sustainable procurement practices throughout the federal government. GSA is responsible for formulating and maintaining government-wide policies covering a variety of administrative actions, including those related to procurement and management. GSA has several ongoing activities related to sustainable procurement to assess the feasibility of working with the federal supplier community - vendors and contractors that serve federal agencies to measure and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the supply chain while encouraging sustainable operations among suppliers. GSA has also been actively developing programs to assist federal agencies in making sustainable procurement decisions. As federal agencies cannot directly fund the development of sustainable procurement tools, they are particularly interested in understanding how to foster innovation and provide incentives for collaboration between developers and users of tools for sustainable purchasing throughout the supply chain. The training of procurement professionals is also a priority for these agencies.</p> <p>To assist efforts to build sustainability considerations into the procurement process, the National Research Council appointed a committee to organize a two-day workshop that explored ways to better incorporate sustainability considerations into procurement tools and capabilities across the public and private sectors. The workshop was designed to help participants assess the current landscape of green purchasing tools, identify emerging needs for enhanced or new tools and opportunities to develop them, identify potential barriers to progress, and explore potential solutions. The workshop provided an opportunity for participants to discuss challenges related to sustainable purchasing and to developing new procurement tools. <em>Sustainability Considerations for Procurement Tools and Capabilities </em>reviews the presenters' recommendations and tools currently used in sustainable procurement, such as databases for ecolabels and standards, codes, or regulations and other nontechnological tools such as policies, frameworks, rating systems, and product indexes.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13476">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/Yt-wEUn-_JA" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13476 tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13352#final 2012-09-06T00:00:00-04:00 2012-09-07T14:51:58-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>In the last 25 years, a major shift has occurred in the field of violence prevention, from the assumption that violence is inevitable to the realization that violence is preventable. As we learn more about what works to reduce violence, the challenge facing those who work in the field is how to use all of this new information to rapidly deploy or enhance new programs. At the same time, new communications technologies and distribution channels have altered traditional means of communications, and have made community-based efforts to prevent violence possible by making information readily available. How can these new technologies be successfully applied to the field of violence prevention?<br /> <br /> On December 8-9, 2011, the IOM's Forum on Global Violence Prevention held a workshop to explore the intersection of violence prevention and information and communications technology. The workshop - called "mPreventViolence" - provided an opportunity for practitioners to engage in new and innovative thinking concerning these two fields with the goal of bridging gaps in language, processes, and mechanisms. The workshop focused on exploring the potential applications of technology to violence prevention, drawing on experience in development, health, and the social sector as well as from industry and the private sector. <em>Communication and Technology for Violence Prevention: Workshop Summary</em> is the report that fully explains this workshop.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13352">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=390'>Global Health</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=399'>Public Health and Prevention</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/PXHChba1lfU" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13352 tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13479#final 2012-08-30T10:45:01-04:00 2013-01-09T11:13:46-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>On June 12-14, 2012, the Board on Global Science and Technology held an international, multidisciplinary workshop in Washington, D.C., to explore the challenges and advances in intelligent human-machine collaboration (IH-MC), particularly as it applies to unstructured environments. This workshop convened researchers from a range of science and engineering disciplines, including robotics, human-robot and human-machine interaction, software agents and multi-agentsystems, cognitive sciences, and human-machine teamwork. Participants were drawn from research organizations in Australia, China, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States.</p> <p>The first day of the workshop participants worked to determine how advances in IH-MC over the next two to three years could be applied solving a variety of different real-world scenarios in dynamic unstructured environments, ranging from managing a natural disaster to improving small-lot agile manufacturing. On the second day of the workshop, participants organized into small groups for a deeper exploration of research topics that had arisen, discussion of common challenges, hoped-for breakthroughs, and the national, transnational, and global context in which this research occurs. Day three of the workshop consisted of small groups focusing on longer term research deliverables, as well as identifying challenges and opportunities from different disciplinary and cultural perspectives. In addition, ten participants gave presentations on their research, ranging from human-robot communication, to disaster response robots, to human-in-the-loop control of robot systems.</p> <p><em>Intelligent Human-Machine Collaboration: Summary of a Workshop</em> describes in detail the discussions and happenings of the three day workshop.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13479">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'>Engineering and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=360'>Applications of Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'>Policy for Science and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'>Policy for Science and Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/vIDqJJ4iau8" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13479 tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13427#final 2012-07-24T10:45:01-04:00 2012-09-18T15:29:50-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Information technology (IT) is widely understood to be the enabling technology of the 21st century. IT has transformed, and continues to transform, all aspects of our lives: commerce and finance, education, employment, energy, health care, manufacturing, government, national security, transportation, communications, entertainment, science, and engineering. IT and its impact on the U.S. economy-both directly (the IT sector itself) and indirectly (other sectors that are powered by advances in IT)--continue to grow in size and importance.</p> <p>In 1995, the National Research Council's Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) produced the report Evolving the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative to Support the Nation's Information Infrastructure. A graphic in that report, often called the "tire tracks" diagram because of its appearance, produced an extraordinary response by clearly linking government investments in academic and industry research to the ultimate creation of new information technology industries with more than $1 billion in annual revenue.</p> <p>Used in presentations to Congress and executive branch decision makers and discussed broadly in the research and innovation policy communities, the tire tracks figure dispelled the assumption that the commercially successful IT industry is self-sufficient, underscoring through long incubation periods of years and even decades. The figure was updated in 2002, 2003, and 2009 reports produced by the CSTB. With the support of the National Science Foundation, CSTB updated the tire tracks figure. <em>Continuing Innovation in Information Technology</em> includes the updated figure and a brief text based in large part on prior CSTB reports.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13427">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/38h1RM6pJ_U" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13427 tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13225#final 2012-07-13T00:00:00-04:00 2012-09-19T12:25:23-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the United States is growing each year largely due both to advances in treatment that allow HIV-infected individuals to live longer and healthier lives and due to a steady number of new HIV infections each year. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that there were 1.2 million people living with HIV infection in the United States at the end of 2008, the most recent year for which national prevalence data are available. Each year, approximately 16,000 individuals die from AIDS despite overall improvements in survival, and 50,000 individuals become newly infected with HIV. In 2011, the CDC estimated that about three in four people living with diagnosed HIV infection are linked to care within 3 to 4 months of diagnosis and that only half are retained in ongoing care. <br /> <br /> In the context of the continuing challenges posed by HIV, the White House Office of National AIDS Policy (ONAP) released a National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS) for the United States in July 2010. The primary goals of the NHAS are to: reduce HIV incidence; increase access to care and optimize health outcomes; and reduce HIV-related health disparities.<br /> <br /> <em>Monitoring HIV Care in the United States</em> addresses existing gaps in the collection, analysis, and integration of data on the care and treatment experiences of PLWHA. This report identifies critical data and indicators related to continuous HIV care and access to supportive services, assesses the impact of the NHAS and the ACA on improvements in HIV care, and identifies public and private data systems that capture the data needed to estimate these indicators. In addition, this report addresses a series of specific questions related to the collection, analysis, and dissemination of such data.<br /> <br /> <em>Monitoring HIV Care in the United States</em> is the first of two reports to be prepared by this study. In a forthcoming report, also requested by ONAP, the committee will address the broad question of how to obtain national estimates that characterize the health care of people living with HIV in the United States. The second report will include discussion of challenges and best practices from previous large scale and nationally representative studies of PLWHA as well as other populations.<br /> </p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13225">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=393'>Medical Technologies and Treatments</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/DFApIVVTKME" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13225 tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13415#final 2012-07-06T00:00:00-04:00 2013-01-02T14:42:04-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>A broad and growing literature describes the deep and multidisciplinary nature of the sustainability challenges faced by the United States and the world. Despite the profound technical challenges involved, sustainability is not, at its root, a technical problem, nor will merely technical solutions be sufficient. Instead, deep economic, political, and cultural adjustments will ultimately be required, along with a major, long-term commitment in each sphere to deploy the requisite technical solutions at scale. <br /> </p> <p>Nevertheless, technological advances and enablers have a clear role in supporting such change, and information technology (IT) is a natural bridge between technical and social solutions because it can offer improved communication and transparency for fostering the necessary economic, political, and cultural adjustments. Moreover, IT is at the heart of nearly every large-scale socioeconomic system-including systems for finance, manufacturing, and the generation and distribution of energy-and so sustainability-focused changes in those systems are inextricably linked with advances in IT.<br /> </p> <p>The focus of <em>Computing Research for Sustainability</em> is "greening through IT," the application of computing to promote sustainability broadly. The aim of this report is twofold: to shine a spotlight on areas where IT innovation and computer science (CS) research can help, and to urge the computing research community to bring its approaches and methodologies to bear on these pressing global challenges. <em>Computing Research for Sustainability</em> focuses on addressing medium- and long-term challenges in a way that would have significant, measurable impact. The findings and recommended principles of the Committee on Computing Research for Environmental and Societal Sustainability concern four areas: (1) the relevance of IT and CS to sustainability; (2) the value of the CS approach to problem solving, particularly as it pertains to sustainability challenges; (3) key CS research areas; and (4) strategy and pragmatic approaches for CS research on sustainability.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13415">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/XIn90NHLPHE" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13415 tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12980#final 2012-03-16T10:43:36-04:00 2012-03-16T11:00:03-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The end of dramatic exponential growth in single-processor performance marks the end of the dominance of the single microprocessor in computing. The era of sequential computing must give way to a new era in which parallelism is at the forefront. Although important scientific and engineering challenges lie ahead, this is an opportune time for innovation in programming systems and computing architectures. We have already begun to see diversity in computer designs to optimize for such considerations as power and throughput. The next generation of discoveries is likely to require advances at both the hardware and software levels of computing systems.<br /> <br /> There is no guarantee that we can make parallel computing as common and easy to use as yesterday's sequential single-processor computer systems, but unless we aggressively pursue efforts suggested by the recommendations in this book, it will be "game over" for growth in computing performance. If parallel programming and related software efforts fail to become widespread, the development of exciting new applications that drive the computer industry will stall; if such innovation stalls, many other parts of the economy will follow suit. <br /> <br /> <i>The Future of Computing Performance</i> describes the factors that have led to the future limitations on growth for single processors that are based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. It explores challenges inherent in parallel computing and architecture, including ever-increasing power consumption and the escalated requirements for heat dissipation. The book delineates a research, practice, and education agenda to help overcome these challenges. <i>The Future of Computing Performance</i> will guide researchers, manufacturers, and information technology professionals in the right direction for sustainable growth in computer performance, so that we may all enjoy the next level of benefits to society.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12980">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/hejkjeojisM" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12980 tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13269#final 2012-03-15T00:00:00-04:00 2012-03-15T16:48:40-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>IOM's 1999 landmark study <i>To Err is Human</i> estimated that between 44,000 and 98,000 lives are lost every year due to medical errors. This call to action has led to a number of efforts to reduce errors and provide safe and effective health care. Information technology (IT) has been identified as a way to enhance the safety and effectiveness of care. In an effort to catalyze its implementation, the U.S. government has invested billions of dollars toward the development and meaningful use of effective health IT.</p> <p>Designed and properly applied, health IT can be a positive transformative force for delivering safe health care, particularly with computerized prescribing and medication safety. However, if it is designed and applied inappropriately, health IT can add an additional layer of complexity to the already complex delivery of health care. Poorly designed IT can introduce risks that may lead to unsafe conditions, serious injury, or even death. Poor human-computer interactions could result in wrong dosing decisions and wrong diagnoses. Safe implementation of health IT is a complex, dynamic process that requires a shared responsibility between vendors and health care organizations. <i>Health IT and Patient Safety</i> makes recommendations for developing a framework for patient safety and health IT. This book focuses on finding ways to mitigate the risks of health IT-assisted care and identifies areas of concern so that the nation is in a better position to realize the potential benefits of health IT.</p> <p><i>Health IT and Patient Safety</i> is both comprehensive and specific in terms of recommended options and opportunities for public and private interventions that may improve the safety of care that incorporates the use of health IT. This book will be of interest to the health IT industry, the federal government, healthcare providers and other users of health IT, and patient advocacy groups.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13269">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=393'>Medical Technologies and Treatments</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/XySuwRriplM" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13269 tag:nap.edu,2012:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13282#final 2012-02-07T00:00:00-05:00 2012-02-07T15:06:09-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) of the National Science Foundation (NSF) communicates its science and engineering (S&E) information to data users in a very fluid environment that is undergoing modernization at a pace at which data producer dissemination practices, protocols, and technologies, on one hand, and user demands and capabilities, on the other, are changing faster than the agency has been able to accommodate. NCSES asked the Committee on National Statistics and the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council to form a panel to review the NCSES communication and dissemination program that is concerned with the collection and distribution of information on science and engineering and to recommend future directions for the program.</p> <p><i>Communicating Science and Engineering Data in the Information Age</i> includes recommendations to improve NCSES's dissemination program and improve data user engagement. This report includes recommendations such as NCSES's transition to a dissemination framework that emphasizes database management rather than data presentation, and that NCSES analyze the results of its initial online consumer survey and refine it over time. The implementation of the report's recommendations should be undertaken within an overall framework that accords priority to the basic quality of the data and the fundamentals of dissemination, then to significant enhancements that are achievable in the short term, while laying the groundwork for other long-term improvements.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13282">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'></a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/uUKVxTbcZEk" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13282 tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13253#final 2011-10-19T09:31:06-04:00 2011-10-19T09:31:12-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The Committee on Proposal Evaluation for Allocation of Supercomputing Time for the Study of Molecular Dynamics evaluated submissions received in response to a Request for Proposals (RFP) for Biomolecular Simulation Time on Anton, a supercomputer specially designed and built by D.E. Shaw Research (DESRES) that allows for dramatically increased molecular dynamics simulations compared to other currently available resources. Over the past year (October 1, 2010 -- September 30, 2011), DESRES has made available to the non-commercial research community 3,000,000 node-hours on an Anton system housed at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), based on the advice of a previous National Research Council committee convened in the fall of 2010.</p> <p>The goal of the second RFP for Biomolecular Simulation Time on Anton has been to continue to facilitate breakthrough research in the study of biomolecular systems by providing a massively parallel system specially designed for molecular dynamics simulations. These special capabilities allow multi-microsecond to millisecond simulation timescales, which previously had been unobtainable. The program seeks to continue to support research that addresses important and high impact questions demonstrating a clear need for Anton's special capabilities. The Anton RFP described the three criteria against which the committee was asked to evaluate proposals: Scientific Merit, Justification for Requested Time Allocation, and Investigator Qualifications and Past Accomplishments.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13253">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=278'>Biology and Life Sciences</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=314'>Biotechnology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/VwaaXqH6hmc" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13253 tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13168#final 2011-06-27T00:00:00-04:00 2011-06-28T12:06:46-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>On May 8, 2009, the symposium, <i>The Federal Statistical System: Recognizing Its Contributions, Moving It Forward</i> was held in Washington, DC. One of the topics considered at that symposium was the health of innovation in the federal statistical system. A consequence of the symposium was an agreement by the Committee on National Statistics to hold a workshop on the future of innovation in the federal statistical system. This workshop was held on June 29, 2010.</p> <p>The original statement of task for the workshop focused on three challenges to the statistical system: (1) the obstacles to innovative, focused research and development initiatives that could make statistical programs more cost effective; (2) a gap between emerging data visualization and communications technologies and the ability of statistical agencies to understand and capitalize on these developments for their data dissemination programs; and (3) the maturation of the information technology (IT) discipline and the difficulties confronting individual agencies in keeping current with best practice in IT regarding data confidentiality.</p> <p>This report, <i>Facilitating Innovation in the Federal Statistical System,</i> is a descriptive summary of what transpired at the workshop. It is therefore limited to the views and opinions of the workshop participants. However, it does not strictly follow the agenda of the workshop, which had four sessions. Instead, it is organized around the themes of the discussions, which migrated across the four sessions.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13168">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=290'>Math, Chemistry and Physics</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=412'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/SqxRrIIwl7o" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13168 tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13091#final 2011-03-25T10:45:43-04:00 2011-03-25T10:50:27-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Today's world of rapid social, technological, and behavioral change provides new opportunities for communications with few limitations of time and space. Through these communications, people leave behind an ever-growing collection of traces of their daily activities, including digital footprints provided by text, voice, and other modes of communication. Meanwhile, new techniques for aggregating and evaluating diverse and multimodal information sources are available to security services that must reliably identify communications indicating a high likelihood of future violence.</p> <p>In the context of this changed and changing world of communications and behavior, the Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences of the National Research Council presents this volume of three papers as one portion of the vast subject of threatening communications and behavior. The papers review the behavioral and social sciences research on the likelihood that someone who engages in abnormal and/or threatening communications will actually then try to do harm. The focus is on how the scientific knowledge can inform and advance future research on threat assessments, in part by considering the approaches and techniques used to analyze communications and behavior in the dynamic context of today's world.</p> <p>The papers in the collection were written within the context of protecting high-profile public figures from potential attach or harm. The research, however, is broadly applicable to U.S. national security including potential applications for analysis of communications from leaders of hostile nations and public threats from terrorist groups. This work highlights the complex psychology of threatening communications and behavior, and it offers knowledge and perspectives from multiple domains that contribute to a deeper understanding of the value of communications in predicting and preventing violent behaviors.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13091">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=277'>Behavioral and Social Sciences</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=424'>Defense and Security</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/zLky-G6Jx20" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13091 tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13076#final 2011-03-18T00:00:00-04:00 2011-03-23T12:13:17-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>This book presents a summary of the Workshop on Public Response to Alerts and Warnings on Mobile Devices: Current Knowledge and Research Gaps, held April 13 and 14, 2010, in Washington, D.C., under the auspices of the National Research Council's Committee on Public Response to Alerts and Warnings on Mobile Devices: Current Knowledge and Research Needs. <br /> <br /> The workshop was structured to gather inputs and insights from social science researchers, technologists, emergency management professionals, and other experts knowledgeable about how the public responds to alerts and warnings, focusing specifically on how the public responds to mobile alerting.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13076">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=328'>Prevention, Security and Response</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/9LbX8RXK7Ek" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13076 tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13120#final 2011-03-09T10:45:09-05:00 2011-03-31T10:49:51-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>This report from the Panel on Communicating National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Engineering Information to Data Users recommends action by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (SRS) on four key issues: data content and presentation; meeting changing storage and retrieval standards; understanding data users and their emerging needs; and data accessibility.</p> <p>This report also includes a summary of the workshop that focused on the several aspects of the NCSES's current approaches to communicating and disseminating statistical information -- including NCSES's information products, website, and database systems. It included presentations from NCSES staff and representatives of key use groups -- including the academic research, private nonprofit research, and federal government policy making communities.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13120">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/1LwOcu4CnZ4" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13120 tag:nap.edu,2011:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13051#final 2011-02-25T10:45:01-05:00 2011-02-25T10:45:12-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The use of radio-frequency communication--commonly referred to as wireless communication--is becoming more pervasive as well as more economically and socially important. Technological progress over many decades has enabled the deployment of several successive generations of cellular telephone technology, which is now used by many billions of people worldwide; the near-universal addition of wireless local area networking to personal computers; and a proliferation of actual and proposed uses of wireless communications. The flood of new technologies, applications, and markets has also opened up opportunities for examining and adjusting the policy framework that currently governs the management and use of the spectrum and the institutions involved in it, and models for allocating spectrum and charging for it have come under increasing scrutiny. <br /> <br /> Yet even as many agree that further change to the policy framework is needed, there is debate about precisely how the overall framework should be changed, what trajectory its evolution should follow, and how dramatic or rapid the change should be. Many groups have opinions, positions, demands, and desires related to these questions--reflecting multiple commercial, social, and political agendas and a mix of technical, economic, and social perspectives. <br /> <br /> The development of technologies and associated policy and regulatory regimes are often closely coupled, an interplay apparent as early as the 1910s, when spectrum policy emerged in response to the growth of radio communications. As outlined in this report, current and ongoing technological advances suggest the need for a careful reassessment of the assumptions that inform spectrum policy in the United States today. <br /> <br /> This book seeks to shine a spotlight on 21st-century technology trends and to outline the implications of emerging technologies for spectrum management in ways that the committee hopes will be useful to those setting future spectrum policy.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13051">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/moSzX14iSOE" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13051 tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12720#final 2010-11-12T00:00:00-05:00 2010-11-15T14:24:30-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Biometric recognition--the automated recognition of individuals based on their behavioral and biological characteristic--is promoted as a way to help identify terrorists, provide better control of access to physical facilities and financial accounts, and increase the efficiency of access to services and their utilization. Biometric recognition has been applied to identification of criminals, patient tracking in medical informatics, and the personalization of social services, among other things. In spite of substantial effort, however, there remain unresolved questions about the effectiveness and management of systems for biometric recognition, as well as the appropriateness and societal impact of their use. Moreover, the general public has been exposed to biometrics largely as high-technology gadgets in spy thrillers or as fear-instilling instruments of state or corporate surveillance in speculative fiction. <br /> <br /> Now, as biometric technologies appear poised for broader use, increased concerns about national security and the tracking of individuals as they cross borders have caused passports, visas, and border-crossing records to be linked to biometric data. A focus on fighting insurgencies and terrorism has led to the military deployment of biometric tools to enable recognition of individuals as friend or foe. Commercially, finger-imaging sensors, whose cost and physical size have been reduced, now appear on many laptop personal computers, handheld devices, mobile phones, and other consumer devices. <br /> <br /> <i>Biometric Recognition: Challenges and Opportunities</i> addresses the issues surrounding broader implementation of this technology, making two main points: first, biometric recognition systems are incredibly complex, and need to be addressed as such. Second, biometric recognition is an inherently probabilistic endeavor. Consequently, even when the technology and the system in which it is embedded are behaving as designed, there is inevitable uncertainty and risk of error. This book elaborates on these themes in detail to provide policy makers, developers, and researchers a comprehensive assessment of biometric recognition that examines current capabilities, future possibilities, and the role of government in technology and system development.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12720">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'>Engineering and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=360'>Applications of Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=328'>Prevention, Security and Response</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/B_tgjofnax0" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12720 tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12979#final 2010-10-27T00:00:00-04:00 2010-10-28T11:45:39-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p><i>Critical Code</i> contemplates Department of Defense (DoD) needs and priorities for software research and suggests a research agenda and related actions. Building on two prior books--<i>Summary of a Workshop on Software Intensive Systems</i> and <i>Uncertainty at Scale and Preliminary Observations on DoD Software Research Needs and Priorities</i>--the present volume assesses the nature of the national investment in software research and, in particular, considers ways to revitalize the knowledge base needed to design, produce, and employ software-intensive systems for tomorrow's defense needs. <br /> <br /> Critical Code discusses four sets of questions:</p> <ul> <li>To what extent is software capability significant for the DoD? Is it becoming more or less significant and strategic in systems development?</li> <li>Will the advances in software producibility needed by the DoD emerge unaided from industry at a pace sufficient to meet evolving defense requirements?</li> <li>What are the opportunities for the DoD to make more effective use of emerging technology to improve software capability and software producibility?</li> <li>In which technology areas should the DoD invest in research to advance defense software capability and producibility?</li> </ul> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12979">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=326'>Military and Defense Studies</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=329'>Weapons and Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/APXL_fHH_74" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12979 tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12998#final 2010-10-07T00:00:00-04:00 2010-10-11T16:08:37-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Despite many advances, security and privacy often remain too complex for individuals or enterprises to manage effectively or to use conveniently. Security is hard for users, administrators, and developers to understand, making it all too easy to use, configure, or operate systems in ways that are inadvertently insecure. Moreover, security and privacy technologies originally were developed in a context in which system administrators had primary responsibility for security and privacy protections and in which the users tended to be sophisticated. Today, the user base is much wider--including the vast majority of employees in many organizations and a large fraction of households--but the basic models for security and privacy are essentially unchanged.<br /> <br /> Security features can be clumsy and awkward to use and can present significant obstacles to getting work done. As a result, cybersecurity measures are all too often disabled or bypassed by the users they are intended to protect. Similarly, when security gets in the way of functionality, designers and administrators deemphasize it. <br /> <br /> The result is that end users often engage in actions, knowingly or unknowingly, that compromise the security of computer systems or contribute to the unwanted release of personal or other confidential information. <i>Toward Better Usability, Security, and Privacy of Information Technology</i> discusses computer system security and privacy, their relationship to usability, and research at their intersection.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12998">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/gtX6-vSQQ4s" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12998 tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10638#final 2010-10-04T10:58:51-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> Institutional review boards (IRBs) are the linchpins of the protection systems that govern human participation in research. In recent years, high-profile cases have focused attention on the weaknesses of the procedures for protecting participants in medical research. The issues surrounding participants protection in the social, behavioral, and economic sciences may be less visible to the public eye, but they are no less important in ensuring ethical and responsible research. <P> This report examines three key issues related to human participation in social, behavioral, and economic sciences research: (1) obtaining informed, voluntary consent from prospective participants: (2) guaranteeing the confidentiality of information collected from participants, which is a particularly challenging problem in social sciences research; and (3) using appropriate review procedures for minimal-risk research. <P> <i>Protecting Participants and Facilitating Social and Behavioral Sciences Research</I> will be important to policy makers, research administrators, research sponsors, IRB members, and investigators. More generally, it contains important information for all who want to unsure the best protection for participants and researchers alike in the social, behavioral, and economic sciences. <P> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10638">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=400'>Public Policy</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/XCWZnlcQ1x0" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10638 tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12997#final 2010-09-30T00:00:00-04:00 2010-10-05T09:27:34-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>In a world of increasing dependence on information technology, the prevention of cyberattacks on a nation's important computer and communications systems and networks is a problem that looms large. Given the demonstrated limitations of passive cybersecurity defense measures, it is natural to consider the possibility that deterrence might play a useful role in preventing cyberattacks against the United States and its vital interests. At the request of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the National Research Council undertook a two-phase project aimed to foster a broad, multidisciplinary examination of strategies for deterring cyberattacks on the United States and of the possible utility of these strategies for the U.S. government. <br /> <br /> The first phase produced a letter report providing basic information needed to understand the nature of the problem and to articulate important questions that can drive research regarding ways of more effectively preventing, discouraging, and inhibiting hostile activity against important U.S. information systems and networks. <br /> <br /> The second phase of the project entailed selecting appropriate experts to write papers on questions raised in the letter report. A number of experts, identified by the committee, were commissioned to write these papers under contract with the National Academy of Sciences. Commissioned papers were discussed at a public workshop held June 10-11, 2010, in Washington, D.C., and authors revised their papers after the workshop. <br /> <br /> Although the authors were selected and the papers reviewed and discussed by the committee, the individually authored papers do not reflect consensus views of the committee, and the reader should view these papers as offering points of departure that can stimulate further work on the topics discussed. The papers presented in this volume are published essentially as received from the authors, with some proofreading corrections made as limited time allowed.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12997">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=328'>Prevention, Security and Response</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=327'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/JXmxL5lVxIs" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12997 tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13003#final 2010-09-13T09:45:02-04:00 2011-10-26T14:50:04-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>This letter details the work and transmits the final report of the Committee on Proposal Evaluation for Allocation of Supercomputing Time for the Study of Molecular Dynamics. The committee evaluated submissions in response to a Request for Proposals (RFP) for Biomolecular Simulation Time on Anton, a specialized supercomputer designed and constructed by D.E. Shaw Research that allows for dramatically accelerated molecular dynamics simulations. D.E. Shaw is making time on a 512 node Anton machine available to the non-commercial research community without cost. <br><br>The goal of the RFP for Biomolecular Simulation Time on Anton is to facilitate breakthrough science in the study of biomolecular systems by providing access to a dedicated, massively parallel supercomputer that allows significantly faster simulations of biomolecular systems using periodic boundary conditions and explicit solvent models. Anton's capabilities allow questions to be addressed on multi-microsecond simulation timescales, so the program seeks to support projects addressing important and potentially high impact questions that would be most advanced by receiving time on this specialized machine.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13003">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/DruyFPmFzlU" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13003 tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12942#final 2010-09-02T00:00:00-04:00 2010-09-03T17:46:50-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Recent years have seen a growing tendency for social scientists to collect biological specimens such as blood, urine, and saliva as part of large-scale household surveys. By combining biological and social data, scientists are opening up new fields of inquiry and are able for the first time to address many new questions and connections. But including biospecimens in social surveys also adds a great deal of complexity and cost to the investigator's task. Along with the usual concerns about informed consent, privacy issues, and the best ways to collect, store, and share data, researchers now face a variety of issues that are much less familiar or that appear in a new light. <br /> <br /> In particular, collecting and storing human biological materials for use in social science research raises additional legal, ethical, and social issues, as well as practical issues related to the storage, retrieval, and sharing of data. For example, acquiring biological data and linking them to social science databases requires a more complex informed consent process, the development of a biorepository, the establishment of data sharing policies, and the creation of a process for deciding how the data are going to be shared and used for secondary analysis--all of which add cost to a survey and require additional time and attention from the investigators. These issues also are likely to be unfamiliar to social scientists who have not worked with biological specimens in the past. Adding to the attraction of collecting biospecimens but also to the complexity of sharing and protecting the data is the fact that this is an era of incredibly rapid gains in our understanding of complex biological and physiological phenomena. Thus the tradeoffs between the risks and opportunities of expanding access to research data are constantly changing. <br /> <br /> <i>Conducting Biosocial Surveys</i> offers findings and recommendations concerning the best approaches to the collection, storage, use, and sharing of biospecimens gathered in social science surveys and the digital representations of biological data derived therefrom. It is aimed at researchers interested in carrying out such surveys, their institutions, and their funding agencies.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12942">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=400'>Public Policy</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/t_jNjEsiznI" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12942 tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11177#final 2010-07-27T11:29:07-04:00 2010-07-27T11:29:09-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The Department of Defense (DOD) supports basic research to advance fundamental knowledge in fields important to national defense. Over the past six years, however, several groups have raised concern about whether the nature of DOD-funded basic research is changing. The concerns include these: Funds are being spent for research that does not fall under DOD's definition of basic research; reporting requirements have become cumbersome and onerous; and basic research is handled differently by the three services. To explore these concerns, the Congress directed DOD to request a study from the National Research Council (NRC) about the nature of basic research now being funded by the Department. Specifically the NRC was to determine if the programs in the DOD basic research portfolio are consistent with the DOD definition of basic research and with the characteristics associated with fundamental research.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11177">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=327'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/IUagJDZGkD0" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11177 tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12886#final 2010-03-30T10:45:01-04:00 2010-03-30T10:45:01-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>This report is the first phase of a larger project to conduct a broad, multidisciplinary examination of deterrence strategies and their possible utility to the U.S. government in its policies toward preventing cyberattacks. This first phase identifies the key issues and questions that merit examination. The next phase will engage experts to prepare papers that address key issues and questions, including those posed here. <br /> <br /> This letter report provides basic information needed to understand the nature of the problem and to articulate important questions that can drive research regarding ways of more effectively preventing, discouraging, and inhibiting hostile activity against important U.S. information systems and networks.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12886">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/yhobpY9hqWE" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12886 tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12816#final 2010-03-15T00:00:00-04:00 2010-01-26T10:45:08-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The technical and cultural boundaries between modeling, simulation, and games are increasingly blurring, providing broader access to capabilities in modeling and simulation and further credibility to game-based applications. The purpose of this study is to provide a technical assessment of Modeling, Simulation, and Games (MS&G) research and development worldwide and to identify future applications of this technology and its potential impacts on government and society. Further, this study identifies feasible applications of gaming and simulation for military systems; associated vulnerabilities of, risks to, and impacts on critical defense capabilities; and other significant indicators and warnings that can help prevent or mitigate surprises related to technology applications by those with hostile intent. Finally, this book recommends priorities for future action by appropriate departments of the intelligence community, the Department of Defense research community, and other government entities.<br /> <br /> <i> The Rise of Games and High Performance Computing for Modeling and Simulation</i> will serve as a useful tutorial and reference document for this particular era in the evolution of MS&G. The book also highlights a number of rising capabilities facilitated by MS&G to watch for in the coming years.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12816">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=277'>Behavioral and Social Sciences</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=424'>Defense and Security</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/O3UB75-9SG4" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12816 tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12800#final 2010-02-25T00:00:00-05:00 2009-11-02T10:45:01-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Radio observations of the cosmos are gathered by geoscientists using complex earth-orbiting satellites and ground-based equipment, and by radio astronomers using large ground-based radio telescopes. Signals from natural radio emissions are extremely weak, and the equipment used to measure them is becoming ever-more sophisticated and sensitive. <br /> <br /> The radio spectrum is also being used by radiating, or "active," services, ranging from aircraft radars to rapidly expanding consumer services such as cellular telephones and wireless internet. These valuable active services transmit radio waves and thereby potentially interfere with the receive-only, or "passive," scientific services. Transmitters for the active services create an artificial "electronic fog" which can cause confusion, and, in severe cases, totally blinds the passive receivers. <br /> <br /> Both the active and the passive services are increasing their use of the spectrum, and so the potential for interference, already strong, is also increasing. This book addresses the tension between the active services' demand for greater spectrum use and the passive users' need for quiet spectrum. The included recommendations provide a pathway for putting in place the regulatory mechanisms and associated supporting research activities necessary to meet the demands of both users.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12800">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'>Engineering and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=360'>Applications of Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/t-omb_JjYys" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12800 tag:nap.edu,2010:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12797#final 2010-01-25T00:00:00-05:00 2009-10-22T10:45:02-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED) collects data on the number and characteristics of individuals receiving research doctoral degrees from all accredited U.S. institutions. The results of this annual survey are used to assess characteristics and trends in doctorate education and degrees. This information is vital for education and labor force planners and researchers in the federal government and in academia. <br /> <br /> To protect the confidentiality of data, new and more stringent procedures were implemented for the 2006 SED data released in 2007. These procedures suppressed many previously published data elements. The organizations and institutions that had previously relied on these data to assess progress in measure of achievement and equality suddenly found themselves without a yardstick with which to measure progress. <br /> <br /> Several initiatives were taken to address these concerns, including the workshop summarized in this volume. The goal of the workshop was to address the appropriateness of the decisions that SRS made and to help the agency and data users consider future actions that might permit release of useful data while protecting the confidentiality of the survey responses.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12797">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=282'>Education</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=348'>Higher Education</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/Xf47U3qT4Fo" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12797 tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12615#final 2009-11-17T00:00:00-05:00 2009-07-30T14:17:18-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>As digital technologies are expanding the power and reach of research, they are also raising complex issues. These include complications in ensuring the validity of research data; standards that do not keep pace with the high rate of innovation; restrictions on data sharing that reduce the ability of researchers to verify results and build on previous research; and huge increases in the amount of data being generated, creating severe challenges in preserving that data for long-term use.</p> <p>Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age examines the consequences of the changes affecting research data with respect to three issues - integrity, accessibility, and stewardship-and finds a need for a new approach to the design and the management of research projects. The report recommends that all researchers receive appropriate training in the management of research data, and calls on researchers to make all research data, methods, and other information underlying results publicly accessible in a timely manner. The book also sees the stewardship of research data as a critical long-term task for the research enterprise and its stakeholders. Individual researchers, research institutions, research sponsors, professional societies, and journals involved in scientific, engineering, and medical research will find this book an essential guide to the principles affecting research data in the digital age.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12615">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'>Policy for Science and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'>Policy for Science and Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=282'>Education</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=348'>Higher Education</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/wSnklsBMgH8" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12615 tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12651#final 2009-10-27T00:00:00-04:00 2009-04-29T12:45:01-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The United States is increasingly dependent on information and information technology for both civilian and military purposes, as are many other nations. Although there is a substantial literature on the potential impact of a cyberattack on the societal infrastructure of the United States, little has been written about the use of cyberattack as an instrument of U.S. policy. </p> <p><br /> Cyberattacks--actions intended to damage adversary computer systems or networks--can be used for a variety of military purposes. But they also have application to certain missions of the intelligence community, such as covert action. They may be useful for certain domestic law enforcement purposes, and some analysts believe that they might be useful for certain private sector entities who are themselves under cyberattack. This report considers all of these applications from an integrated perspective that ties together technology, policy, legal, and ethical issues.</p> <p><br /> Focusing on the use of cyberattack as an instrument of U.S. national policy, <em>Technology, Policy, Law and Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities</em> explores important characteristics of cyberattack. It describes the current international and domestic legal structure as it might apply to cyberattack, and considers analogies to other domains of conflict to develop relevant insights. Of special interest to the military, intelligence, law enforcement, and homeland security communities, this report is also an essential point of departure for nongovernmental researchers interested in this rarely discussed topic.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12651">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=329'>Weapons and Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=328'>Prevention, Security and Response</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=327'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/4IIW95LjeT0" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12651 tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12687#final 2009-06-26T00:00:00-04:00 2009-06-18T10:45:01-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>While governments throughout the world have different approaches to how they make their public sector information (PSI) available and the terms under which the information may be reused, there appears to be a broad recognition of the importance of digital networks and PSI to the economy and to society. However, despite the huge investments in PSI and the even larger estimated effects, surprisingly little is known about the costs and benefits of different information policies on the information society and the knowledge economy.<br /> <br /> By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the current assessment methods and their underlying criteria, it should be possible to improve and apply such tools to help rationalize the policies and to clarify the role of the internet in disseminating PSI. This in turn can help promote the efficiency and effectiveness of PSI investments and management, and to improve their downstream economic and social results. <br /> <br /> The workshop that is summarized in this volume was intended to review the state of the art in assessment methods and to improve the understanding of what is known and what needs to be known about the effects of PSI activities.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12687">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/kSJtcpA0I5A" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12687 tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12474#final 2009-04-02T08:45:01-04:00 2009-04-02T08:45:01-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>There is great enthusiasm over the use of emerging interactive health information technologies-often referred to as eHealth-and the potential these technologies have to improve the quality, capacity, and efficiency of the health care system. However, many doctors, advocacy groups, policy makers and consumers are concerned that electronic health systems might help individuals and communities with greater resources while leaving behind those with limited access to technology.</p> <p>In order to address this problem, the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Health Literacy held a workshop to explore the current status of communication technology, the challenges for its use in populations with low health literacy, and the strategies for increasing the benefit of these technologies for populations with low health literacy. The summary of the workshop, "Health Literacy, eHealth, and Communication: Putting the Consumer First," includes participants' comments on these issues.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12474">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=400'>Public Policy</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=399'>Public Health and Prevention</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/CvHJ9hFdC4M" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12474 tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12174#final 2009-03-16T00:00:00-04:00 2009-01-23T10:45:01-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The U.S. information technology (IT) research and development (R&D) ecosystem was the envy of the world in 1995. However, this position of leadership is not a birthright, and it is now under pressure. In recent years, the rapid globalization of markets, labor pools, and capital flows have encouraged many strong national competitors. During the same period, national policies have not sufficiently buttressed the ecosystem, or have generated side effects that have reduced its effectiveness. As a result, the U.S. position in IT leadership today has materially eroded compared with that of prior decades, and the nation risks ceding IT leadership to other nations within a generation. <br /> <br /> <em>Assessing the Impacts of Changes in the Information Technology R&D Ecosystem</em> calls for a recommitment to providing the resources needed to fuel U.S. IT innovation, to removing important roadblocks that reduce the ecosystem's effectiveness in generating innovation and the fruits of innovation, and to becoming a lead innovator and user of IT. The book examines these issues and makes recommendations to strengthen the U.S. IT R&D ecosystem.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12174">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/nBpyxMtaYWE" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12174 tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12458#final 2009-02-24T00:00:00-05:00 2009-02-04T10:45:01-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>In the realm of health care, privacy protections are needed to preserve patients' dignity and prevent possible harms. Ten years ago, to address these concerns as well as set guidelines for ethical health research, Congress called for a set of federal standards now known as the HIPAA Privacy Rule.</p> <p>In its 2009 report, Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information concludes that the HIPAA Privacy Rule does not protect privacy as well as it should, and that it impedes important health research.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12458">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=400'>Public Policy</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/ia8Ucwy66PY" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12458 tag:nap.edu,2009:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12572#final 2009-02-24T00:00:00-05:00 2009-01-09T10:45:02-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Despite a strong commitment to delivering quality health care, persistent problems involving medical errors and ineffective treatment continue to plague the industry. Many of these problems are the consequence of poor information and technology (IT) capabilities, and most importantly, the lack cognitive IT support. Clinicians spend a great deal of time sifting through large amounts of raw data, when, ideally, IT systems would place raw data into context with current medical knowledge to provide clinicians with computer models that depict the health status of the patient.<br /> <br /> <em>Computational Technology for Effective Health Care</em> advocates re-balancing the portfolio of investments in health care IT to place a greater emphasis on providing cognitive support for health care providers, patients, and family caregivers; observing proven principles for success in designing and implementing IT; and accelerating research related to health care in the computer and social sciences and in health/biomedical informatics.<br /> <br /> Health care professionals, patient safety advocates, as well as IT specialists and engineers, will find this book a useful tool in preparation for crossing the health care IT chasm.<br /> </p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12572">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'>Engineering and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=360'>Applications of Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=393'>Medical Technologies and Treatments</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/63ZfHtSXxH8" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12572 tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12514#final 2008-12-29T10:45:01-05:00 2008-12-29T10:45:01-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Designed to protect the privacy of individual student test scores, grades, and other education records, the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) of 1974 places limits the access of educational researches, and slows research not only in education but also in related fields, such as child welfare and health.<br /> <br /> Recent trends have converged to greatly increase the supply of data on student performance in public schools. Education policies now emphasize education standards and testing to measure progress toward those standards, as well as rigorous education research. At the same time, private firms and public agencies, including schools, have replaced most paper records with electronic data systems. Although these databases represent a rich source of longitudinal data, researchers' access to the individually identifiable data they contain is limited by the privacy protections of FERPA.<br /> <br /> To explore possibilities for data access and confidentiality in compliance with FERPA and with the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects, the National Academies and the American Educational Research Association convened the Workshop on Protecting Student Records and Facilitating Education Research in April 2008. </p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12514">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'>Policy for Science and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=471'>Research and Data</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/B8aq16Q97pk" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12514 tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12451#final 2008-10-28T00:00:00-04:00 2008-08-26T10:45:01-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Many federal funding requests for more advanced computer resources assume implicitly that greater computing power creates opportunities for advancement in science and engineering. This has often been a good assumption. Given stringent pressures on the federal budget, the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) are seeking an improved approach to the formulation and review of requests from the agencies for new computing funds.</p> <p>This book examines, for four illustrative fields of science and engineering, how one can start with an understanding of their major challenges and discern how progress against those challenges depends on high-end capability computing (HECC). The four fields covered are:</p> <ol> <li>atmospheric science</li> <li>astrophysics</li> <li>chemical separations</li> <li>evolutionary biology</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p>This book finds that all four of these fields are critically dependent on HECC, but in different ways. The book characterizes the components that combine to enable new advances in computational science and engineering and identifies aspects that apply to multiple fields. </p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12451">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'>Engineering and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=360'>Applications of Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/tex0ablQLNU" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12451 tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12092#final 2008-10-23T10:45:01-04:00 2008-10-23T10:45:01-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Recognizing that innovation is the key to international competitiveness in the 21st century, policymakers around the world are seeking more effective ways to translate scientific and technological knowledge into new products, processes, and businesses. They have initiated major programs, often with substantial funding, that are designed to attract, nurture, and support innovation and high-technology industries within their national economies.</p> <p><br /> To help U.S. policymakers become more aware of these developments, a committee of the National Academies' Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy undertook a review of the goals, concept, structure, operation, funding levels, and evaluation efforts of significant innovation programs around the world. As a part of this effort, the committee identified Flanders, a region of Belgium with substantial autonomy, which is recognized for its comprehensive approach to innovation. Based on initial meetings in Washington and Brussels, and with the endorsement of Flanders Vice Minister-President Fientje Moerman, it was agreed to organize a conference that would review regional innovation policies in the context of the policies and programs of the Flanders government, and their interaction with those of the European Union. This book provides a summary of that symposium.<br /> </p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12092">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'>Policy for Science and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'>Policy for Science and Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=289'>Industry and Labor</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=304'>Economics</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/fjxj3KwYslY" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12092 tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12452#final 2008-10-07T12:15:01-04:00 2008-10-07T12:15:01-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>All U.S. agencies with counterterrorism programs that collect or "mine" personal data -- such as phone records or Web sites visited -- should be required to evaluate the programs' effectiveness, lawfulness, and impacts on privacy. A framework is offered that agencies can use to evaluate such information-based programs, both classified and unclassified. The book urges Congress to re-examine existing privacy law to assess how privacy can be protected in current and future programs and recommends that any individuals harmed by violations of privacy be given a meaningful form of redress. </p> <p>Two specific technologies are examined: data mining and behavioral surveillance. Regarding data mining, the book concludes that although these methods have been useful in the private sector for spotting consumer fraud, they are less helpful for counterterrorism because so little is known about what patterns indicate terrorist activity. Regarding behavioral surveillance in a counterterrorist context, the book concludes that although research and development on certain aspects of this topic are warranted, there is no scientific consensus on whether these techniques are ready for operational use at all in counterterrorism.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12452">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=277'>Behavioral and Social Sciences</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=306'>Law and Justice</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=328'>Prevention, Security and Response</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/P96zsnLOg3M" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12452 tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12255#final 2008-07-10T15:29:08-04:00 2011-10-19T10:58:46-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> Those who would use information and communication technology (ICT) in the cause of peace need to be cognizant of the risks as well as the benefits. ICT can facilitate positive dialogue but also hate speech. It can be used to fight corruption but also facilitate it. Simply giving people more information does not necessarily lead to predictable or positive results. As people become more informed, they may become more motivated to change their circumstances and to do so violently. <p> On December 14, 2007, the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) convened a group of experts in diverse fields to consider the role of ICT in promoting peace and conflict resolution. The one-day workshop was designed to consider current and emerging technologies and strategies for employing them in conflict management and diplomacy. It also aimed to explore how organizations with a role in promoting peace, like the U.S. Institute of Peace, can most effectively leverage technology in carrying out their missions.</p> <p> <i>Information and Communication Technology and Peacebuilding: Summary of a Workshop</i> reviews the group's discussions on number of key issues, illuminates certain practitioner needs, and suggests possible next steps. </p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12255">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/vfqV5vUbinY" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12255 tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12112#final 2008-05-12T00:00:00-04:00 2008-05-01T09:45:02-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> The debate over offshoring of production, transfer of technological capabilities, and potential loss of U.S. competitiveness is a long-running one. Prevailing thinking is that the world is flat that is, innovative capacity is spreading uniformly; as new centers of manufacturing emerge, research and development and new product development follow. <p><i>Innovation in Global Industries</i> challenges this thinking. The book, a collection of individually authored studies, examines in detail structural changes in the innovation process in 10 service as well as manufacturing industries: personal computers; semiconductors; flat-panel displays; software; lighting; biotechnology; pharmaceuticals; financial services; logistics; and venture capital. There is no doubt that overall there has been an acceleration in global sourcing of innovation and an emergence of new locations of research capacity and advanced technical skills, but the patterns are highly variable. Many industries and some firms in nearly all industries retain leading-edge capacity in the United States. However, the book concludes that is no reason for complacency about the future outlook. Innovation deserves more emphasis in firm performance measures and more sustained support in public policy. <p><i>Innovation in Global Industries</i> will be of special interest to business people and government policy makers as well as professors, students, and other researchers of economics, management, international affairs, and political science. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12112">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'>Engineering and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=365'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=289'>Industry and Labor</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=406'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/s5kFVpRleiI" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12112 tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12173#final 2008-04-17T00:00:00-04:00 2008-04-08T09:45:01-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> The Help America Vote Act of 2002 requires the states to develop a single, computerized voter registration data base (VRD) that is defined, maintained, and administered at the state level. To help the states with this task, the U.S. Election Assistance Commission asked the NRC to organize a series of workshops and prepare an interim report addressing the challenges in implementing and maintaining state VRDs. The EAC also asked the NRC to advise the states on how to evolve and maintain the databases so that they can share information with each other. This report provides an examination of various challenges to the deployment of state VRDs and describes potential solutions to these challenges. This interim report's primary focus is on shorter-term recommendations although a number of long-range recommendations are presented. The final report will elaborate on the long-range questions and address considerations about interstate interoperability of the VRDs. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12173">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=289'>Industry and Labor</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=304'>Economics</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=277'>Behavioral and Social Sciences</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=308'>Population and Fertility Studies</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/AcP8cmcjaps" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12173 tag:nap.edu,2008:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12036#final 2008-01-29T00:00:00-05:00 2008-01-17T15:45:01-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> In recent years there has been a rapid increase in the use of wireless communications devices and a great deal of research has been carried out to investigate possible biological or human health effects resulting from their use. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration asked the National Research Council to organize a workshop to identify research needs and gaps in knowledge in the areas of dosimetry and exposure, epidemiology, human laboratory studies, mechanisms, and animal and cell biology. The workshop did not include the evaluation of health effects or the generation of recommendations relating to how identified research needs should be met. Some needs and gaps identified at the workshop include: (1) characterization of exposures from wireless devices and RF base station antennas in juveniles, children, fetuses, and pregnant women and (2) evaluation of devices that use newer technologies (e.g., texting, web-surfing). <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12036">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/9VLrAFhlhzM" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12036 tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11925#final 2007-10-24T00:00:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> Given the growing importance of cyberspace to nearly all aspects of national life, a secure cyberspace is vitally important to the nation, but cyberspace is far from secure today. The United States faces the real risk that adversaries will exploit vulnerabilities in the nation s critical information systems, thereby causing considerable suffering and damage. Online e-commerce business, government agency files, and identity records are all potential security targets. <P> <i>Toward a Safer and More Secure Cyberspace</I> examines these Internet security vulnerabilities and offers a strategy for future research aimed at countering cyber attacks. It also explores the nature of online threats and some of the reasons why past research for improving cybersecurity has had less impact than anticipated, and considers the human resource base needed to advance the cybersecurity research agenda. This book will be an invaluable resource for Internet security professionals, information technologists, policy makers, data stewards, e-commerce providers, consumer protection advocates, and others interested in digital security and safety. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11925">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=328'>Prevention, Security and Response</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/1dwi_6vD3RU" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11925 tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12021#final 2007-09-14T10:44:23-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The aviation and telecommunication revolutions have conspired to make distance increasingly irrelevant. An important consequence of this is that US citizens, accustomed to competing with their neighbors for jobs, now must compete with candidates from all around the world. These candidates are numerous, highly motivated, increasingly well educated, and willing to work for a fraction of the compensation traditionally expected by US workers.<br /> <br /> If the United States is to offset the latter disadvantage and provide its citizens with the opportunity for high-quality jobs, it will require the nation to excel at innovation--that is, to be first to market new products and services based on new knowledge and the ability to apply that knowledge. This capacity to discover, create and market will continue to be heavily dependent on the nation's prowess in science and technology.<br /> <br /> Indicators of trends in these fields are, at best, highly disconcerting. While many factors warrant urgent attention, the two most critical are these: (1) America must repair its failing K-12 educational system, particularly in mathematics and science, in part by providing more teachers qualified to teach those subjects, and (2) the federal government must markedly increase its investment in basic research, that is, in the creation of new knowledge.<br /> <br /> Only by providing leading-edge human capital and knowledge capital can America continue to maintain a high standard of living--including providing national security--for its citizens.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12021">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=289'>Industry and Labor</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=304'>Economics</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=282'>Education</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=350'>Math and Science Education</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=282'>Education</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=352'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'>Engineering and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=362'>Engineering Education</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'>Engineering and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=365'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'>Policy for Science and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'>Policy for Science and Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/XvkGYcd3HhQ" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12021 tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11920#final 2007-09-06T00:00:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p><em>Social Security Administration Electronic Service Provision</em> examines the Social Security Administration's (SSA's) proposed e-government strategy and provides advice on how the SSA can best deliver services to its constituencies in the future. The assessment by the Committee on the Social Security Administration's E-Government Strategy and Planning for the Future was based on (1) its examination of the SSA's current e-government strategy, including technological assumptions, performance measures and targets, planned operational capabilities, strategic requirements, and future goals; (2) its consideration of strategies, assumptions, and technical and operational requirements in comparable public- and private-sector institutions; and (3) its consideration of the larger organizational, societal, and technological context in which the SSA operates.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11920">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=289'>Industry and Labor</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=406'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/A5Lp2m-Ctz0" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11920 tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11923#final 2007-08-14T00:00:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The focus of <em>Software for Dependable Systems</em> is a set of fundamental principles that underlie software system dependability and that suggest a different approach to the development and assessment of dependable software.<br /> <br /> Unfortunately, it is difficult to assess the dependability of software. The field of software engineering suffers from a pervasive lack of evidence about the incidence and severity of software failures; about the dependability of existing software systems; about the efficacy of existing and proposed development methods; about the benefits of certification schemes; and so on. There are many anecdotal reports, which—although often useful for indicating areas of concern or highlighting promising avenues of research—do little to establish a sound and complete basis for making policy decisions regarding dependability. The committee regards claims of extraordinary dependability that are sometimes made on this basis for the most critical of systems as unsubstantiated, and perhaps irresponsible. This difficulty regarding the lack of evidence for system dependability leads to two conclusions: (1) that better evidence is needed, so that approaches aimed at improving the dependability of software can be objectively assessed, and (2) that, for now, the pursuit of dependability in software systems should focus on the construction and evaluation of evidence.<br /> <br /> The committee also recognized the importance of adopting the practices that are already known and used by the best developers; this report gives a sample of such practices. Some of these (such as systematic configuration management and automated regression testing) are relatively easy to adopt; others (such as constructing hazard analyses and threat models, exploiting formal notations when appropriate, and applying static analysis to code) will require new training for many developers. However valuable, though, these practices are in themselves no silver bullet, and new techniques and methods will be required in order to build future software systems to the level of dependability that will be required.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11923">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/ZT8zN6NHa44" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11923 tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11896#final 2007-06-28T00:00:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> Privacy is a growing concern in the United States and around the world. The spread of the Internet and the seemingly boundaryless options for collecting, saving, sharing, and comparing information trigger consumer worries. Online practices of business and government agencies may present new ways to compromise privacy, and e-commerce and technologies that make a wide range of personal information available to anyone with a Web browser only begin to hint at the possibilities for inappropriate or unwarranted intrusion into our personal lives. <i>Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age</i> presents a comprehensive and multidisciplinary examination of privacy in the information age. It explores such important concepts as how the threats to privacy evolving, how can privacy be protected and how society can balance the interests of individuals, businesses and government in ways that promote privacy reasonably and effectively? This book seeks to raise awareness of the web of connectedness among the actions one takes and the privacy policies that are enacted, and provides a variety of tools and concepts with which debates over privacy can be more fruitfully engaged. <i>Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age</i> focuses on three major components affecting notions, perceptions, and expectations of privacy: technological change, societal shifts, and circumstantial discontinuities. This book will be of special interest to anyone interested in understanding why privacy issues are often so intractable. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11896">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=277'>Behavioral and Social Sciences</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=306'>Law and Justice</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/aUqWNhXESeE" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11896 tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11893#final 2007-06-18T12:03:44-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> In April 1991 <i>BusinessWeek</i> ran a cover story entitled, I Can't Work This ?#!!@ Thing, about the difficulties many people have with consumer products, such as cell phones and VCRs. More than 15 years later, the situation is much the same--but at a very different level of scale. The disconnect between people and technology has had society-wide consequences in the large-scale system accidents from major human error, such as those at Three Mile Island and in Chernobyl. <p> To prevent both the individually annoying and nationally significant consequences, human capabilities and needs must be considered early and throughout system design and development. One challenge for such consideration has been providing the background and data needed for the seamless integration of humans into the design process from various perspectives: human factors engineering, manpower, personnel, training, safety and health, and, in the military, habitability and survivability. This collection of development activities has come to be called human-system integration (HSI). <i>Human-System Integration in the System Development Process</i> reviews in detail more than 20 categories of HSI methods to provide invaluable guidance and information for system designers and developers. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11893">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=289'>Industry and Labor</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=404'>Human Factors</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=277'>Behavioral and Social Sciences</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=424'>Defense and Security</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/L4kDcwkWaW0" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11893 tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11824#final 2007-05-01T00:00:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Information technology (IT) has the potential to play a critical role in managing natural and human-made disasters. Damage to communications infrastructure, along with other communications problems exacerbated the difficulties in carrying out response and recovery efforts following Hurricane Katrina. To assist government planning in this area, the Congress, in the E-government Act of 2002, directed the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to request the NRC to conduct a study on the application of IT to disaster management. This report characterizes disaster management providing a framework for considering the range and nature of information and communication needs; presents a vision of the potential for IT to improve disaster management; provides an analysis of structural, organizational, and other non-technical barriers to the acquisition, adoption, and effective use of IT in disaster; and offers an outline of a research program aimed at strengthening IT-enabled capabilities for disaster management.</p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11824">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=281'>Earth Sciences</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=332'>Earthquakes, Floods and Natural Disasters</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=470'>Disaster Response</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/ozYE2HbnMx0" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11824 tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11865#final 2007-03-19T10:41:19-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> Precise, accurate spatial information linked to social and behavioral data is revolutionizing social science by opening new questions for investigation and improving understanding of human behavior in its environmental context. At the same time, precise spatial data make it more likely that individuals can be identified, breaching the promise of confidentiality made when the data were collected. Because norms of science and government agencies favor open access to all scientific data, the tension between the benefits of open access and the risks associated with potential breach of confidentiality pose significant challenges to researchers, research sponsors, scientific institutions, and data archivists. <i>Putting People on the Map</i> finds that several technical approaches for making data available while limiting risk have potential, but none is adequate on its own or in combination. This book offers recommendations for education, training, research, and practice to researchers, professional societies, federal agencies, institutional review boards, and data stewards. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11865">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=277'>Behavioral and Social Sciences</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=302'>Aging</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/M55vJsD6wN4" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11865 tag:nap.edu,2007:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11827#final 2007-02-09T10:33:13-05:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> This volume includes 15 papers from the National Academy of Engineering's 2006 U.S. Frontiers of Engineering (USFOE) Symposium held in September 2006. USFOE meetings bring together 100 outstanding engineers (ages 30 to 45) to exchange information about leading-edge technologies in a range of engineering fields. The 2006 symposium covered four topic areas: intelligent software systems and machines, the nano/bio interface, engineering personal mobility for the 21st century, and supply chain management. A paper by dinner speaker Dr. W. Dale Compton, Lillian M. Gilbreth Distinguished Professor of Industrial Engineering, Emeritus, is also included. The papers describe leading-edge research on commercializing auditory neuroscience, future developments in bionanotechnology, sustainable urban transportation, and managing disruptions to supply chains, among other topics. Appendixes include information about contributors, the symposium program, and a list of meeting participants. This is the twelfth volume in the USFOE series. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11827">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'>Engineering and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=361'>Construction: Design, Research, Planning</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/JozR33rIhmk" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11827 tag:nap.edu,2006:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10890#final 2006-11-16T14:18:53-05:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> TRB Special Report 279 - The Marine Transportation System and the Federal Role: Measuring Performance, Targeting Improvement calls upon the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) to take the lead in assessing the performance of and improving the nation's entire marine transportation system. In particular, the report recommends that the DOT should begin immediately to develop reports on the condition, performance, and use of the marine transportation system and seek a mandate from Congress to produce such reports on a regular basis, as it already does for the nation's highway and transit systems. <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'>Engineering and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=360'>Applications of Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/CRbfvWBBMDg" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10890 tag:nap.edu,2006:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10730#final 2006-10-25T09:58:38-04:00 2013-03-22T12:33:10-04:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> TRB Special Report 274 - Cybersecurity of Freight Information Systems: A Scoping Study reviews trends in the use of information technology in the freight transportation industry and assesses potential vulnerabilities to a cyberattack. <b><a href="http://trb.org/publications/sr/sr274.pdf">Special Report 274 Summary</a></b> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=294'>Transportation</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=453'>Freight Transportation</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/z6_9CX2jvxE" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10730 tag:nap.edu,2006:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11711#final 2006-09-01T00:00:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> The modern telecommunications infrastructure made possible by research performed over the last several decades is an essential element of the U.S. economy. The U.S. position as a leader in telecommunications technology, however, is at risk because of the recent decline in domestic support of long-term, fundamental telecommunications research. To help understand this challenge, the National Science Foundation asked the NRC to assess the state of telecommunications research in the United States and recommend ways to halt the research decline. This report provides an examination of telecommunications research support levels, focus, and time horizon in industry, an assessment of university telecommunications research, and the implications of these findings on the health of the sector. Finally, it presents recommendations for enhancing U.S. telecommunications research efforts. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11711">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=284'>Engineering and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=365'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/23VXccZOliY" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11711 tag:nap.edu,2006:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11706#final 2006-07-25T09:00:47-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>The presence and intensity of media influences television, radio, music, computers, films, videos, and the Internet are increasingly recognized as an important part of the social ecology of children and youth, and these influences have become more visible and volatile in recent decades. Research that explores the level and effects of media influences calls for measurements of the quantity and character of exposure to a variety of potentially overlapping media sources, an analysis of the content of the media output, and examination of the social context and relationships that are associated with the media experience.<br /> <br /> Recognizing the importance of this research, the Board on Children, Youth, and Families, under the auspices of the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, and with the sponsorship of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, held a workshop in March 2006. Its purpose was twofold: to examine the quality of the measures used in studies of the effects of media on children's health and development and to identify gaps in both research and practice. The goal was for a variety of experts to consider steps and strategies that could move this research forward and improve its utility for helping parents, practitioners, and policy makers guide young people in navigating a media-rich environment.<br /> <br /> <em>Studying Media Effects on Children and Youth</em> provides a summary of that discussion, supplemented with information from two papers prepared for the workshop. It begins with an examination of the potential impact of media exposure, followed by a description of the basic research questions and the methods currently used to study them. Methodological questions and challenges and theoretical approaches are described; they are discussed from the perspective of other kinds of epidemiological research. This report closes with a discussion of future directions for the field.<br /> </p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11706">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=277'>Behavioral and Social Sciences</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=303'>Children, Youth and Families</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/euElVUbtWiI" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11706 tag:nap.edu,2006:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11573#final 2006-02-06T11:27:39-05:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> Biometrics the use of physiological and behavioral characteristics for identification purposes has been promoted as a way to enhance security and identification efficiency. There are questions, however, about, among other issues, the effectiveness of biometric security measures, usability, and the social impacts of biometric technologies. To address these and other important questions, the NRC was asked by DARPA, the DHS, and the CIA to undertake a comprehensive assessment of biometrics that examines current capabilities, future possibilities, and the role of the government in their developments. As a first step, a workshop was held at which a variety of views about biometric technologies and systems were presented. This report presents a summary of the workshop s five panels: scientific and technical challenges; measurement, statistics, testing, and evaluation; legislative, policy, human, and cultural factors; scenarios and applications; and technical and policy aspects of information sharing. The results of this workshop coupled with other information will form the basis of the study s final report. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11573">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/L5QvUJAJzhE" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11573 tag:nap.edu,2006:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11529#final 2006-01-23T00:00:00-05:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> The U.S. Air Force is developing new force capabilities appropriate to an emerging array of threats. It is clear that advances in information science and technology (IS&T) are essential for most of these new capabilities. As a consequence, the Air Force is finding it necessary to refocus its IS&T basic research program to provide stronger support for reaching these goals. To assist this effort, the AFOSR asked the NRC for a study to create a vision and plan for the IS&T-related programs within the Office s Mathematics and Space Science Directorate. This report provides an assessment of basic research needs for Air Force systems and communications, software, information management and integration, and human interactions with IS&T systems. The report also offers a set of priorities for basic IS&T research, and an analysis of funding mechanisms its support. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11529">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=326'>Military and Defense Studies</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/TMX2M4TGbgk" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11529 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11516#final 2005-12-15T00:00:00-05:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> The U.S. Army depends on a broad array of interacting physical, informational, cognitive, and social networks. Nevertheless, fundamental understanding about these networks is primitive. This gap between what is known and what is needed to ensure the smooth operation of complex networks makes the Army s transformation to a force capable of network-centric operations (NCO) problematic. To help address this problem, the Army asked the National Research Council to find out whether identifying and funding network science research could help close this gap. This book presents an assessment of the importance and content of network science as it exists today. The book also provides an analysis of how the Army might advance the transformation to NCO operations by supporting fundamental research on networks. The study finds that networks are indispensable to the defense of the United States. In addition, there is no science today that offers the fundamental knowledge necessary to design large, complex networks in a predictable manner. The study also concluded that current federal funding of network research is focused on specific applications and not on advancing fundamental knowledge. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11516">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=329'>Weapons and Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/rqngUfPRuV4" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11516 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11480#final 2005-12-05T09:48:11-05:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> The remarkable growth of both computer science and biology in recent decades has drawn attention to their areas of intersection. Both fields have much in common; they are among the most rapidly changing fields of science, they both deal with very complex systems, and they both have profound implications for science and society. To examine the potential for greater interaction between the two fields, the National Research Council undertook a study looking at ways computational science can aid the development and understanding of biology and how the biological sciences might facilitate new and more powerful computational methods. This book presents an analysis of the potential synergies at the interface of the two fields and of ways to develop new collaborations between researchers in both areas to exploit those synergies. The book provides a large sample of well-documented examples of these interactions. The study concludes that the impact of computing on biology will be deep and profound and span virtually all areas of life science research. Computational biology will ultimately become part of the biological sciences. The impact of biology on computing is less certain, but could be substantial and should be pursued. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11480">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=278'>Biology and Life Sciences</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=314'>Biotechnology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=278'>Biology and Life Sciences</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=313'>Biology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=290'>Math, Chemistry and Physics</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=410'>Math and Statistics</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=290'>Math, Chemistry and Physics</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=411'>Physics</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/2xeWW5Kkg2Y" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11480 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11434#final 2005-11-11T00:00:00-05:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> Policy makers need information about the nation ranging from trends in the overall economy down to the use by individuals of Medicare in order to evaluate existing programs and to develop new ones. This information often comes from research based on data about individual people, households, and businesses and other organizations, collected by statistical agencies. The benefit of increasing data accessibility to researchers and analysts is better informed public policy. To realize this benefit, a variety of modes for data access including restricted access to confidential data and unrestricted access to appropriately altered public-use data must be used. The risk of expanded access to potentially sensitive data is the increased probability of breaching the confidentiality of the data and, in turn, eroding public confidence in the data collection enterprise. Indeed, the statistical system of the United States ultimately depends on the willingness of the public to provide the information on which research data are based. <i>Expanding Access to Research Data</i> issues guidance on how to more fully exploit these tradeoffs. The panel s recommendations focus on needs highlighted by legal, social, and technological changes that have occurred during the last decade. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11434">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/2l_d-LxFR9A" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11434 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11458#final 2005-10-04T10:00:18-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <p>Section 214 of the E-government Act of 2002 called on the Administrator of the Office of Electronic Government in the Office of Management and Budget, in consultation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), to "ensure that a study is conducted on using information technology to enhance crisis preparedness, response, and consequence management of natural and manmade disasters." The section cited as a goal "to improve how information technology is used in coordinating and facilitating information on disaster preparedness, response, and recovery, while ensuring the availability of such information across multiple access channels." In early 2005, FEMA, via a subcontract through Battelle Memorial Institute, asked the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) of the National Research Council (NRC) to undertake a two-phase study on these issues.<br /> <br /> <em>Summary of a Workshop on Using Information Technology to Enhance Disaster Management </em>culminates phase 1 of the project. CSTB established the Committee on Using Information Technology to Enhance Disaster Management, and a public workshop was held under the committee's auspices on June 22-23, 2005. The committee's goal for the workshop was to establish a base of information for its study by hearing about present and future uses of<br /> IT from the perspective of federal, state, and local disaster management officials and users together with a sampling of relevant IT research and development activities.<br /> <br /> A variety of representatives of federal, state, and local government agencies, private industry, and the research community participated. Panelists at the workshop presented a range of views on the present state of the art and practice and future opportunities to harness information technology to aid in the management of natural and human-made disasters. This report summarizes some of the key points made by workshop participants. This report also contains the workshop agenda and includes biographical information for committee members and staff. <br /> <br /> In phase 2 of its study, the committee will supplement the inputs received at the workshop with information gathered at several site visits and a series of additional briefings. Phase 2 will culminate in a final report, expected in spring 2006, which provides findings and recommendations on requirements for effective use of information technology for disaster management, research and development needs and opportunities, and related research management and technology transition considerations.<br /> </p> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11458">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=281'>Earth Sciences</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=332'>Earthquakes, Floods and Natural Disasters</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=470'>Disaster Response</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/1wBBpv-J4sU" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11458 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11413#final 2005-08-02T14:44:12-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> In March 2003, the National Academy of Sciences Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia presented the <I>Scientific Examination of Art: Modern Techniques in Conservation and Analysis</I> at the National Academy of Sciences Building in Washington, DC. Featuring senior investigators of specific methods and materials, the papers in this book examine the application of scientific methods to the study and conservation of art and cultural properties. <P> The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines and attracting up to 250 leading researchers in the field. These colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler. <BR>For more information about the Sackler Colloquia, visit<a href=" http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=SACKLER_main"> www.nasonline.org/sackler</a> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11413">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id='></a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=286'>Explore Science</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/kCCWlwKfv-E" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11413 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11286#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> The global spread of science and technology expertise and the growing commercial access to advanced technologies with possible military application are creating potentially serious threats to the technological superiority underpinning U.S. military strength. Key to dealing with this situation is the ability of the U.S. intelligence community to be able to provide adequate and effective warning of evolving, critical technologies. To assist in performing this task, the Technology Warning Division of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) asked the National Research Council (NRC) to undertake a study examining technology warning issues. This report provides the first part of that study. It presents an assessment of critical, evolving technologies; postulates ways potential adversaries could disrupt these technologies; and provides indicators for the intelligence community to determine if such methods are under development. The intention of this report is to establish the foundation for a long-term relationship with the technology warning community to support the examination of technology warning issues. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11286">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/HCV8w5aCf5k" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11286 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9823#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> What most of us know as "the Internet" is actually a set of largely autonomous, loosely coordinated communication networks. As the influence of the Internet continues to grow, understanding its real nature is imperative to acting on a wide range of policy issues.<BR> <BR> This timely new book explains basic design choices that underlie the Internet's success, identifies key trends in the evolution of the Internet, evaluates current and prospective technical, operational, and management challenges, and explores the resulting implications for decision makers. The committee-composed of distinguished leaders from both the corporate and academic community-makes recommendations aimed at policy makers, industry, and researchers, going on to discuss a variety of issues:<BR> <BR><UL> <LI>How the Internet's constituent parts are interlinked, and how economic and technical factors make maintaining the Internet's seamless appearance complicated.</LI> <LI>How the Internet faces scaling challenges as it grows to meet the demands of users in the future.</LI> <LI>Tensions inherent between open innovation on the Internet and the ability of innovators to capture the commercial value of their breakthroughs.</LI> <LI>Regulatory issues posed by the Internet's entry into other sectors, such as telephony.</LI></ul> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9823">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/8V-af43TOEI" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9823 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=6482#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> Computers, communications, digital information, software the constituents of the information age are everywhere. Being computer literate, that is technically competent in two or three of today s software applications, is not enough anymore. Individuals who want to realize the potential value of information technology (IT) in their everyday lives need to be <i>computer fluent</i> able to use IT effectively today and to adapt to changes tomorrow.<br><br> <b>Being Fluent with Information Technology </b>sets the standard for what everyone should know about IT in order to use it effectively now and in the future. It explores three kinds of knowledge intellectual capabilities, foundational concepts, and skills that are essential for fluency with IT. The book presents detailed descriptions and examples of current skills and timeless concepts and capabilities, which will be useful to individuals who use IT and to the instructors who teach them. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=6482">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/_N9WICUi_l4" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=6482 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1581#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <B>Computers at Risk</B> presents a comprehensive agenda for developing nationwide policies and practices for computer security. Specific recommendations are provided for industry and for government agencies engaged in computer security activities.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1581">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/Mh63VjGqbTY" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1581 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5463#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> The Ada programming language was created by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) nearly two decades ago to provide a general-purpose programming language for defense and commercial use, but has evolved into a niche solution for safety-critical systems, primarily in defense applications. <B>Ada and Beyond</B> presents an approach for the DOD to move beyond the debate over its policy that requires the use of Ada for all new software development.<br>It describes the importance of the software engineering process and recommends to DOD mechanisms for more effective review of software development and improved collection of data on software project outcomes. The volume also analyzes the technical, empirical, and business cases for using Ada and other programming languages, makes recommendations regarding the appropriate conditions under which DOD should continue to require the use of Ada, and details activities that require funding by DOD in order for Ada to remain a viable programming language.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5463">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=280'>Conflict and Security Issues</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=326'>Military and Defense Studies</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/bfdaWrrpwPM" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5463 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9750#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> Consumer health websites have garnered considerable media attention, but only begin to scratch the surface of the more pervasive transformations the Internet could bring to health and health care. <B>Networking Health</B> examines ways in which the Internet may become a routine part of health care delivery and payment, public health, health education, and biomedical research. Building upon a series of site visits, this book:<br> <br><ul> <li>Weighs the role of the Internet versus private networks in uses ranging from the transfer of medical images to providing video-based medical consultations at a distance.<br> <li>Reviews technical challenges in the areas of quality of service, security, reliability, and access, and looks at the potential utility of the next generation of online technologies.<br> <li>Discusses ways health care organizations can use the Internet to support their strategic interests and explores barriers to a broader deployment of the Internet.<br> <li>Recommends steps that private and public sector entities can take to enhance the capabilities of the Internet for health purposes and to prepare health care organizations to adopt new Internet-based applications.</ul><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9750">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=387'>Diseases - Cancer</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/k5a_OI1lrhM" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9750 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10803#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> The report assesses the current state of chemistry and chemical engineering at the interface with environmental science, examines its interactions with related areas of science and technology, and identifies challenges and opportunities for research. The report also identifies important contributions that have been made by the chemical sciences toward solving environmental problems, and emphasizes the opportunities for chemists and chemical engineers to make future contributions toward understanding and improving the environment. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10803">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=290'>Math, Chemistry and Physics</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=409'>Chemistry</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/J3X4-hjMYyM" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10803 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10261#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> The Internet has changed the way we access the world. This is especially true for kids, who soak up new technologies like eager little sponges. They have access to an enormous array of material, including educational links, sports info, chat rooms and, unfortunately, pornography. But we must approach our need to protect children with care to avoid placing unnecessary restrictions on the many positive features of the Internet.<p><b> Youth, Pornography, and the Internet </B>examines approaches to protecting children and teens from Internet pornography, threats from sexual predators operating on-line, and other inappropriate material on the Internet. The National Research Council s Computer Science and Telecommunications Board explores a number of fundamental questions: Who defines what is inappropriate material? Do we control Internet access by a 17-year-old in the same manner as for a 7-year-old? What is the role of technology and policy in solving such a problem in the context of family, community, and society?<p> The book discusses social and educational strategies, technological tools, and policy options for how to teach children to make safe and appropriate decisions about what they see and experience on the Internet. It includes lessons learned from case studies of community efforts to intervene in kids exposure to Internet porn.<p> Providing a foundation for informed debate, this very timely and relevant book will be a must-read for a variety of audiences. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10261">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=277'>Behavioral and Social Sciences</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=303'>Children, Youth and Families</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/oxhaJVM9Mno" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10261 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=166#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> This collection of papers by scholars of technology and society, based on a National Academy of Engineering symposium, explores the process of mutual adjustment between information technologies and social institutions. The topics addressed include recent developments and likely futures in information technology, comparison of information technology to historical developments in other technologies, and the interaction of information technology with businesses, homes, property rights in information, and various hierarchies of social organization.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=166">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/CQrFZ6FiIYA" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=166 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4816#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> Advancement of telecommunications and information infrastructure occurs largely through private investment. The government affects the rate and direction of this progress through regulation and public investment. This book presents a range of positions and perspectives on those two classes of policy mechanism, providing a succinct analysis followed by papers prepared by experts in telecommunications policy and applications.<br> <br><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4816">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/XpCY7WAFTk0" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4816 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5280#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> This book synthesizes the findings of three workshops on research issues in high-performance computing and communications (HPCC). It focuses on the role that computing and communications can play in supporting federal, state, and local emergency management officials who deal with natural and man-made hazards (e.g., toxic spills, terrorist bombings). The volume also identifies specific research challenges for HPCC in meeting unmet technology needs in crisis management and other nationally important application areas, such as manufacturing, health care, digital libraries, and electronic commerce and banking.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5280">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/3J-Op8sC4Hk" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5280 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1788#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> Software is the product of intellectual creativity, but protection of the intellectual property residing in software is the subject of some controversy. This book captures a wide range of perspectives on the topic from industry, academe, and government, drawing on information presented at a workshop and forum.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1788">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/IwKU8bevIT8" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1788 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5260#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> This volume tells 16 remarkable stories--first person accounts of how information and communication technologies have been successfully introduced into institutions for the benefit of scientists and engineers in sub-Saharan Africa. These case studies focus on the lessons learned in designing and implementing projects dealing with scientific and technological information and examine the impact.<br><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5260">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/Bj7zTwqaOUI" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5260 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=763#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> Computers and telecommunications have revolutionized the processes of scientific research. How is this information technology being applied and what difficulties do scientists face in using information technology? How can these difficulties be overcome?<br><B>Information Technology and the Conduct of Research</B> answers these questions and presents a variety of helpful examples. The recommendations address the problems scientists experience in trying to gain the most benefit from information technology in scientific, engineering, and clinical research.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=763">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/IXUszKMajrc" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=763 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10355#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> Governments have done much to leverage information technology to deploy e-government services, but much work remains before the vision of e-government can be fully realized. Information Technology Research, Innovation, and E-government examines the emerging visions for e-government, the technologies required to implement them, and approaches that can be taken to accelerate innovation and the transition of innovative information technologies from the laboratory to operational government systems. In many cases, government can follow the private sector in designing and implementing IT-based services. But there are a number of areas where government requirements differ from those in the commercial world, and in these areas government will need to act on its role as a demand leader. Although researchers and government agencies may appear to by unlikely allies in this endeavor, both groups have a shared interest in innovation and meeting future needs.<BR><BR> E-government innovation will require addressing a broad array of issues, including organization and policy as well as engineering practice and technology research and development, and each of these issues is considered in the book. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10355">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/6bOxrV2yaF8" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10355 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5018#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> This book identifies challenges and opportunities in the development and implementation of software that contain significant statistical content. While emphasizing the relevance of using rigorous statistical and probabilistic techniques in software engineering contexts, it presents opportunities for further research in the statistical sciences and their applications to software engineering.<br>It is intended to motivate and attract new researchers from statistics and the mathematical sciences to attack relevant and pressing problems in the software engineering setting. It describes the "big picture," as this approach provides the context in which statistical methods must be developed. The book's survey nature is directed at the mathematical sciences audience, but software engineers should also find the statistical emphasis refreshing and stimulating. It is hoped that the book will have the effect of seeding the field of statistical software engineering by its indication of opportunities where statistical thinking can help to increase understanding, productivity, and quality of software and software production.<br><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5018">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=290'>Math, Chemistry and Physics</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=410'>Math and Statistics</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/F9k4ObQL8pI" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5018 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2312#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> Regional health care databases are being established around the country with the goal of providing timely and useful information to policymakers, physicians, and patients. But their emergence is raising important and sometimes controversial questions about the collection, quality, and appropriate use of health care data.<br>Based on experience with databases now in operation and in development, <B>Health Data in the Information Age</B> provides a clear set of guidelines and principles for exploiting the potential benefits of aggregated health data--without jeopardizing confidentiality.<br>A panel of experts identifies characteristics of emerging health database organizations (HDOs). The committee explores how HDOs can maintain the quality of their data, what policies and practices they should adopt, how they can prepare for linkages with computer-based patient records, and how diverse groups from researchers to health care administrators might use aggregated data.<br><B>Health Data in the Information Age</B> offers frank analysis and guidelines that will be invaluable to anyone interested in the operation of health care databases.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2312">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=288'>Health and Medicine</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=400'>Public Policy</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/DVulvpunIOQ" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=2312 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=167#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> The information age is taking its toll on traditional office management techniques. According to <I>Infosystems</I>, "If you're cautious of `experts' who claim to have all the answers, then you'll find comfort in the theme of `unleashed creativity' that recurs throughout the 20 essays presented in this book. . . . Organizations will have to devise a strategy for understanding how [a microcomputer's] performance can be monitored. Regardless of what may happen, this book provides managers with appropriate ammunition."<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=167">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/3AIb8qopuCo" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=167 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1497#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> This book warns that retaining U.S. preeminence in computing at the beginning of the next century will require long-term planning, leadership, and collective will that cannot be attained with a business-as-usual approach by industry or government. This consensus emerged from a colloquium of top executives from the U.S. computer sector, university and industry researchers, and government policymakers.<br>Among the major issues discussed are long-term, or strategic, commitment on the part of large firms in the United States; cooperation within and among firms and between industry, universities, and government; weaknesses in manufacturing and in the integration of research, development, and manufacturing; technical standards for both hardware and software manufacture and operation; and education and infrastructure (in particular, computer networks).<br><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1497">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/nmQleJHYgBY" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1497 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5131#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> This book presents a comprehensive examination of cryptography and its evolution from a national security tool to a key compenent of the global information super-highway. It addresses the urgent need for a strong national policy on cryptography that promotes and encourages its widespread use to protect the information interests of individuals, businesses, and the nation as a whole, while respecting legitimate national needs of law enforcement and intelligence for national security and foreign policy purposes.<br> <br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5131">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/qQiNxpyKkcs" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5131 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9692#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <br> New legal approaches, such as the European Union's 1996 Directive on the Legal Protection of Databases, and other legal initiatives now being considered in the United States at the federal and state level, are threatening to compromise public access to scientific and technical data available through computerized databases. Lawmakers are struggling to strike an appropriate balance between the rights of database rights holders, who are concerned about possible commercial misappropriation of their products, and public-interest users of the data such as researchers, educators, and libraries. <br><br> <b>A Question of Balance</b> examines this balancing act. The committee concludes that because database rights holders already enjoy significant legal, technical, and market-based protections, the need for statutory protection has not been sufficiently substantiated. Nevertheless, although the committee opposes the creation of any strong new protective measures, it recognizes that some additional limits against wholesale misappropriation of databases may be necessary. In particular, a new, properly scoped and focused U.S. statute might provide a reasonable alternative to the European Union's highly protectionistic database directive. Such legislation could then serve as a legal model for an international treaty in this area. The book recommends a number of guiding principles for such possible legislation, as well as related policy actions for the administration.<br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9692">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'>Policy for Science and Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=423'>Policy for Science and Technology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/ltbcyIkqLZs" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=9692 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10805#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> <P>Drawing on the findings of sector-specific workshops, e-mail surveys, research literature, expert testimony, and committee and panel members expertise, this National Academy of Engineering study assesses the qualitative impact of academic research on five industries network systems and communications; medical devices and equipment; aerospace; transportation, distribution, and logistics services; and financial services. The book documents the range and significance of academic research contributions to the five industries comparing the importance of different types of contributions, the multi- and interdisciplinary nature of these contributions, and the multiple vectors by which academic research is linked to each industry. The book calls for action to address six cross-cutting challenges to university-industry interactions: the growing disciplinary and time-horizon-related imbalances in federal R&D funding, barriers to university-industry interaction in service industries, the critical role of academic research in the advancement of information technology, the role of academic research in the regulation of industry, the impact of technology transfer activities on core university research and education missions, and the search for new pathways and mechanisms to enhance the contributions of academic research to industry. The book also includes findings and recommendations specific to each industry.</P> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10805">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=289'>Industry and Labor</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=304'>Economics</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/7TyaHwk1fg4" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10805 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10545#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> The rapid evolution of information technology (IT) is transforming our society and its institutions. For the most knowledge-intensive entities of all, research universities, profound IT-related challenges and opportunities will emerge in the next decade or so. Yet, there is a sense that some of the most significant issues are not well understood by academic administrators, faculty, and those who support or depend on the institution s activities. This study identifies those information technologies likely to evolve in the near term (a decade or less) that could ultimately have a major impact on the research university. It also examines the possible implications of these technologies for the research university its activities (learning, research, outreach) and its organization, management, and financing and for the broader higher education enterprise. The authoring committee urges research universities and their constituents to develop new strategies to ensure that they survive and thrive in the digital age. <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10545">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=323'>Policy, Reviews and Evaluations</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=282'>Education</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=348'>Higher Education</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/hlUJXqBfsPI" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10545 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4944#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> While societies have always had information infrastructures, the power and reach of today's information technologies offer opportunities to transform work and family lives in an unprecedented fashion. This volume, a collection of six papers presented at the 1994 National Academy of Engineering Meeting Technical Session, presents a range of views on the subject of the revolution in the U.S. information infrastructure. The papers cover a variety of current issues including an overview of the technological developments driving the evolution of information infrastructures and where they will lead; the development of the Internet, particularly the government's role in its evolution; the impact of regulatory reform and antitrust enforcement on the telecommunications revolution; and perspectives from the computer, wireless, and satellite communications industries.<br><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4944">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=319'>Computers</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/N-saYFooFo8" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4944 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4814#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> This book describes a number of social and legal issues as they relate to various members of electronically networked communities. After a brief introduction to relevant legal precedents and to the manner in which societies develop norms for social behavior, the book explores right and responsibilities related to free speech, vandalism, property interests, and privacy.<br><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4814">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=322'>Internet and Networking</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/crBhuHsqH0I" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4814 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4871#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> This book advises the National Archives and Records Administration and federal R&D agencies on the long-term retention of scientific and technical data, particularly in electronic formats. It proposes the creation of a National Scientific Information Resource Federation, which would apply a strategic data life-cycle management plan to better link the government's existing scientific data holdings and improve public access to those holdings. The book is expected to draw attention to data management concerns in the context of the current government emphasis on promoting a National Information Infrastructure and to make a significant contribution to improving the inadequate situation regarding our nation's valuable scientific data and information resources. <br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4871">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=321'>Information Technology</a> | <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=281'>Earth Sciences</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=331'>Climate, Weather and Meteorology</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/I-m6tLWg_E8" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4871 tag:nap.edu,2005:http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1467#final 2005-07-19T09:47:00-04:00 1969-12-31T19:00:00-05:00 The National Academies Press http://www.nap.edu <p><strong>Final Book Now Available</strong></p> Large and growing opportunity costs are resulting from the inability to produce sophisticated, reliable software in a timely manner. Software engineering presents stubborn problems, but in this book, a group of experts suggest several constructive directions for research. Together, they support the need for greater interaction between researchers and practitioners and more aggressive efforts to share and reuse software engineering knowledge.<br><br> <p>[<a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1467">Read the full report</a>]</p> <p><strong>Topics:</strong> <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=279'>Computers and Information Technology</a> &raquo; <a href='http://www.nap.edu/topics.php?id=320'>Information Security and Privacy</a></p><br /> <img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/nap/new/topic/279/~4/t1SyNbQdj_c" height="1" width="1"/> http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=1467